Chapter 9 -4

Question 1

What are some common gene mutations?

Answer 1

single base pair changes
base pair substitutions
insertions or deletions

Question 2

What causes mutations?

Answer 2

mutagens

like nuclear radiation and transposable elements

Question 3

What are transposable elements?

Answer 3

jumping DNA

Question 4

What is jumping DNA a result of?

Answer 4

Neurofibromatosis (a genetic disorder developed from transposons)

Question 5

What happens in elongation?

Answer 5

addition of amino acids by tRNA forming the polypeptide chain

Question 6

What are the 3 parts of elongation?

Answer 6

1. codon recognition
2. peptide bond formation b/w the 2 a.a.’s
3. Translocation

Question 7

What is translocation?

Answer 7

ribosome moves down mRNA

Question 8

What happens in codon recognition?

Answer 8

complementary binding of tRNA to mRNA

Question 9

What happens in termination?

Answer 9

a stop codon enters the ribosome UAG, UAA, UGA
No corresponding tRNA
A release factor (protein) binds

Question 10

What does termination trigger?

Answer 10

hydrolysis which releases the mRNA, the polypeptide, and the ribosomal subunits