Chapter 9

Question 1

In what US Supreme Court case was this statement made?
“The fundamental theory of liberty upon which all governments in this Union response excludes any general power of the state to standardize its children by forcing them to accept instruction from public teachers only, the child is not a creature of the state,”

Answer 1

Pierce v Society of Sisters

Question 2

What set the stage for a broad acceptance of public school education at all levels.

Answer 2

The unique confluence of unparalleled national prosperity and an inflow of tax for the government, like the so-called “perfect storm” suddenly connected with the public empathy for the educational needs of children from poor families

Question 3

Where and when was the first public high school established?

Answer 3

Boston in 1821

Question 4

When was the first junior high established?

Answer 4

1910

Question 5

Was there religious instruction in the high schools?

Answer 5

No

Question 6

When and where did the first infant school begin?

Answer 6

Boston 1818

Question 7

What city followed close behind Boston in starting an infant school and for what ages?

Answer 7

NY 18 months to age 6

Question 8

Why were infant schools started?

Answer 8

To serve the needs of poor families who often left their children at home to work

Question 9

What purpose did infant schools have?

Answer 9

Strong evangelical purpose - they taught Biblical values to students and parents

Question 10

When where and by whom was the first Kindergarten established?

Answer 10

Boston in 1860 by Elizabeth Peabody

Question 11

What dies kindergarten mean?

Answer 11

Children’s garden

Question 12

What two factors led to the decline of Christian schools?

Answer 12

7,000 Christian schools declined quickly after the Civil War, with the exception of those in the South
With the rise of public schools, the academy ceased to be the leading American secondary school.
The rapid growth of public elementary schools caused by the passing of child labor laws and compulsory attendance laws

Question 13

List the three groups of Christian Schools and the year they were established.

Answer 13

Presbyterian 1846
Lutheran Schools 1640’s
Dutch Calvinist Schools

Question 14

Where did the term “Christian School” come from?

Answer 14

Dutch began using it in the 19th Century

Question 15

About how long did the demise of early Christian schools and the nearly complete secularist ion of America education take?

Answer 15

Approximately 100 years

Question 16

Describe the law that was passed in Oregon in regards to education.

Answer 16

All children between 8 and 16 had to attend a public school - failure to do so would result in a misdemeanor offense
No exception to this law allowing attendance at a private school.
State ruled it unconstitutional and the Supreme Court upheld the decision unanimously

Question 17

Who was responsible for fight against the law passed in Oregon?

Answer 17

Catholics

Question 18

When was the Second Transistion Period?

Answer 18

1865-1910

Question 19

Explain the reasons for the decline of the Early Christian Schools.

Answer 19

The largest factor contributing to the decline of the early Christian schools was the influx of immigrant children. This put a heavy burden on the Protestant schools and supporters. Pastors no longer took the leadership role of the education system. Instead it was handed over to lesser leaders. There were two strong education leaders in Germany that could have been a great help. However, they failed to see the emergence of these leaders. Horace Mann who was not an evangelical filled in the gap of leadership role in education. He had a big role in the public school movement.