Chapter 7 Flashcards
In what years did the War of Independence take place?
1775-1783
What were common schools?
Auspices of religious societies
How were common schools funded?
Local taxes, private philanthropy, student tuition
What created the initial impulse for public education?
The lack of education for the inner-city poor, many of them immigrants
After the War of Independence, schools transitioned from what to what?
“Instruments of religion” to “instruments of the state”
Where was the first state board of education established?
Massachussetts
Who was the first secretary of the board of education? (Known today as superintendent
Horace Mann
The first board of education and strong ties with what religion?
Unitarianism
What did the Unitarians believe?
Did not believe the Trinity
Did not believe that Jesus was God
Regeneration was unnecessary
Describe Phrenology
Through the examination of the skull, a person could assess the abilities and personality of the subject
It followed the Age of Reason which was prevalent in Europe
Urged a Scientific approach to religion
What were some of Mann’s views on education?
Bible should be read but not discussed
Natural perfection of man through education and moral training in the public school
Name two men that opposed Mann.
Edward Newton and Matthew Hale Smith
What belief of Mann’s did Newton challenge
Belief that education should be neutral
According to Matthew Hale Smith, what were the 3 keys to public school (1846)?
To remove the Bible and all religious instruction
To abolish the use of the rod and all correction
To make common schools a counter poise to religious instruction at home and church
Who was the “schoolmaster of the Nation”
William Holmes McGuffey
