Chapter 6 Flashcards
What were some factors that delayed the advance of Evangelical churches and schools in the Southern colonies?
The English crown
The English church
Human slavery - early pastors condoned or openly advocated for it
Tobacco plantations - scattered populations
Absence of a New-England style Bible commonwealth
What two pastors spoke against slavery?
John Eliot and Roger Williams
What groups were the only children fortunate enough to receive quality education?
Families of plantation owners
How did children outside the loop of plantation children receive an education?
Independent schoolmasters and groups of teachers received sponsorship by Christian Education societies or denomination groups to finance their mission of educating children
In Virginia, the movement to progress beyond elitist tutorial education was carried forward exclusively by what groups?
Anglican schoolmasters and the Church of England Clergy
Many English missionaries were sent out by what group?
The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts
What was the purpose of the S.P.G.?
To propagate the Anglican gospel to the colonists and to unify the 13 colonies through a return of all church groups to the Church of England
It was meant to be a takeover of the Puritan New England and Harvard College
What were some miscalculations the S.P.G. made?
Difficulty in recruiting qualified Anglican ministers and teachers
Failure to understand the independence of the colonists
Failure to understand the resentment toward “elitism” of the Church of England teachings
What were the major crops of the Carolinas?
North - tobacco
South - rice and indigo
Instead of the Classical Latin grammar prevalent in New England, what did the education transition to in the Carolina’s?
A practical education focused on fundamental literacy.
Who initiated the trends towards fundamental literacy?
Benjamin Franklin
Where did John and Chalres Wesley arrive and for what purpose?
Georgia, SPG ministers
What was John a strong advocate of?
Christian education
What was established in Georgia?
Numerous Christian academies
What religious influences did Maryland have?
Mostly Catholic, some Anglicans and Puritans
What were the Southern Colonies?
Maryland, Virginia, North and South Carolina, and Georgia
Explain the progress of education in the South, why it was so delayed initially, and how it grew.
Unlike the start of the northern colonies, the colonists in the South were spread out. Most of the colonist came over to the colonies to make money with tobacco farms. The wealthy plantation owners would hire private tutors to educate their children. England sent missionaries as part of the S.P.G. to educate children. However, many parents resented what the S.P.G. teachers were teaching the children. While the S.P.G. were successful in educating many children, they were unable to accomplish their goal of pulling the colonies away from the evangelicals.
Based on the reading and based on your opinion, list the 3 most important differences between Northern Colonial Schools and Southern Colonial Schools and explain why you believe these 3 to be the most important differences.
In my opinion, the largest influence in education was the purpose in coming to the New World. The colonist that came to the Northern colonies came as families seeking religious freedom. It was very important to them to teach their children to read and understand the Bible. On the other hand, the colonist in the south came over to make money on tobacco fields. Many of them came over as single men. Initially there were not children to educate.
The colonist in the North built close-knit towns with the church and school being at the center. The Bible was an important part of their lives and they wanted to continue that tradition with their children. The whole purpose of education was to prevent Satan from getting a stronghold in their colonies. The success of the tobacco fields in the South caused them to be more spread out. They did not have close-knit communities like the Northern colonies did.
The colonists in the North also established colleges to train men to become pastors and schoolmasters, which kept the education process going. This gave them a good supply of teachers with the New England philosphy. The Southern colonies did not have the same supply of teachers as the Northern colonies. They were limited to teachers from the S.P.G. and teachers from William and Mary College. The education philosophy here was heavily influenced by a philosophy of the Old England and encouraged loyalty to Britain.
