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The History of Christian Education > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe Naturalistic Education

A

An attempt to elevate man above God

A revolt against God, the church, and the church’s Bible-based schools.

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2
Q

What was the Enlightenment?

A

Reaction against the Protestant Church to reject the Bible and turn to an intellectual answer for Society’s problems
Absolute faith in human reason

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3
Q

List the Philosophical mistakes of the Reformation leaders

A

An inordinate emphasis on the pagan classics of Ancient Greece and Rome
All 7 major leaders who led the revolt against the Catholic Church were immersed in the pagan classics and had a bent toward the teachings of Aristotle, Plato, Cicero, and others

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4
Q

What were the beliefs of Christian philosophers during the Period of Enlightenment?

A

Strongly opposed to “priesthood only” education offered by the Catholic Church
Strong emphasis on Christian schools under the oversight of the local church
Offered the Bible to everyone in the language of the people

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5
Q

Name four prominent Christian philosophers

A

Martin Luther
John Calvin
Comenius
August Francke

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6
Q

List four prominent naturalistic philosophers

A

Jean Jacques Rousseau
Johann Herbart
Friedrich Wilhelm Froebel
John Dewey

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7
Q

Explain the impact of the Education Philosophers on education in America

A

Two groups of European philosophers greatly impacted education in America. The first group was Luther and Calvin. Their ideas helped impact the early Christian schools. Rousseau, Herbart, and Froebel impacted the public school system. The ideas brought over by them are still in effect today. It is believed that John Winthrop had offered Comenius the presidency at Harvard College but declined. Instead Reverend Jared Sparks took the position. Had Comenius accepted the presidency, things may be different today. It was through Harvard that Naturalism began to seep in. The ideas were brought to America when young American men would go to Europe to study and then come back to America as university professors. Students like John Dewey were then taught these beliefs.

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8
Q

Most prolific writer of the 7 Reformation Leaders

A

Luther

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9
Q

Believed in teacher-centered education

A

Luther

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9
Q

Believed that teachers should be highly regarded

A

Luther

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10
Q

Believed in education for both girls and boys

A

Luther

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11
Q

Advocated numerous curriculum offerings including natural science, language study, gymnastics

A

Luther

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12
Q

Believed in a moderate form of discipline

A

Luther

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13
Q

Influential I starting more Christian schools than the other reformers combined

A

Calvin

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13
Q

Emphasized student memorization, especially age-appropriate catechisms

A

Calvin

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14
Q

Offered varying levels of instruction based on ability, believed children should not be pushed beyond their ability

A

Calvin

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15
Q

Believed curriculum should prepare students for a wide range of life occupations

A

Comenius

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16
Q

Strong emphasis on history

A

Comenius and Luther

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17
Q

Considered a pedagogical genius

A

Comenius

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19
Q

Dissecting, physical and chemical labs

A

Francke

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20
Q

Statements on education were highly spiritual in nature

A

Francke

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20
Q

Natural history museum

A

Francke

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21
Q

curriculum included botany, mineralogy, health, mechanics, glass blowing, wood carving

A

Francke

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22
Q

Field trips

A

Francke

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23
Q

Lived in Paris

A

Rousseau

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24
Q

Paris is known as the “Capital of the …”

A

Elightenment

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25
Q

Believed man is already good and had no need of spiritual redemption

A

Rousseau

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26
Q

Believed children should not experience the pressure of competition

A

Rousseau

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27
Q

Believed in minimal academic structure

A

Rousseau

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28
Q

Believed reason will teach us what is good and evil

A

Rousseau

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29
Q

Low regard for teachers (authority figure)

A

Rousseau

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30
Q

Classroom discipline indirect and incidental

A

Rousseau

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31
Q

Father of modern psychology

32
Q

Believed in the mission of education - moral character based on Aristotle belief of being emotionally prepared and emotionally balanced

33
Q

Strong emphasis on psychology and science

34
Q

Father of the Kindergarten movement

35
Q

Man is born fundamentally good and will evolve to higher levels to the end of time

36
Q

Education should be passive

37
Q

Children learn by doing

A

Froebel and Dewey

38
Q

Disdain for books

39
Q

Father of progressive education

40
Q

Christianity was a threat to his concept of democracy

41
Q

Truth is pragmatic

42
Q

Man is neither good or evil

43
Q

Classroom should be “unscholastic”

44
Q

Believed in Scientific humanism

45
Q

Signed humanist Manifest I and served as president

46
Q

Believed in Bible-centered Education

47
Q

Believed music should be a part of the school’s curriculum.

48
Q

Believed that good education begins with faith

49
Q

The first evangelist of modern pedagogy

50
Q

Believed that education should lead to virtue and piety

51
Q

Believed in a wide-range curriculum, including grammar, arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, music (often taught with math), physics, geography, morals, religion, and periods of play

52
Q

Established teacher training universities

53
Q

Believed that knowledge is folly without God

54
Q

Wrote a treatise on education entitled “Emile”

55
Q

Believed in stages of education, but these stages were different than those recommended by Christian philosophers

56
Q

“The prophet of freedom”

57
Q

Believed moral education should begin at age 15

58
Q

Agreed on one principal from Luther, Comenius, and Francke: teaching by direct observation when it is practical to do so

59
Q

Father of the modern science of education

60
Q

Believed the study of metaphysics, psychology, cultural ethics, and the psychological rules of mental growth were the key components for developing a scientific method of academic instruction

61
Q

Devised a five steps in learning that teachers should understand

62
Q

Some saw him as pantheist and others saw him as transcendentalist

63
Q

Looked on man as “the most perfect product of cosmic evolution”

64
Q

Developed four “questions or problems” to provide a basic philosophy of education

65
Q

Values and moral standards are relative

66
Q

What benefits did we get from Socrates?

A

Intellectual inquiry and orderly thinking

67
Q

What benefits did we get from Plato

A

World’s first university

68
Q

What benefits did we get from Aristotle

A

Seven divisions of liberal arts

69
Q

What benefits did we get from Quintilian?

A

Recess and shortened school day (in Rome school days began at dawn!)

70
Q

What benefits did we get from Rousseau

A

Stirred up the staid world of education; “invented nothing but set everything on fire”

71
Q

What benefits did we get from Pestalozzi

A

“First-hand experience” education

72
Q

What benefits did we get from Herbart

A

Social studies and lesson plans

73
Q

What benefits did we get from Froebel

A

Kindergarten

74
Q

What benefits did we get from Carter

A

Advocated teacher-training colleges, originally known as “normal schools”

75
Q

What benefits did we get from Mann

A

Promoted school libraries, better playgrounds, teacher conventions, and a longer school year

76
Q

What benefits did we get from Barnard

A

In-service training for teachers

77
Q

What benefits did we get from Dewey

A

Promoted hands-on student projects and more self-expression by students

78
Q

Which naturalistic philosopher caused the greatest change in American education?

The History of Christian Education (14 decks)

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