Chapter 9 Flashcards
causes of the french revolution
- peasants were mad (income, taxes)
- poor harvests
- bankrupt of government (debts )
- aristocratic resistance against taxes
- censorship
- unpopularity of church hierarchy and privileges
- taxes to church
- noble privileges
Louis XVI
- married to Marie Antoinette
- french revolution
Necker
financial official during french revolution
Edmund burke
English critic
- state is partnership
- no reform
- sudden change = no okay, gradual change = okay
- during french revolution
- warned that mob rule would lead to anarchy and military dictatorship
robspierre
=Jacobin leader
Pitt the younger
British organizer of alliances against forces of revolution and napoleon
the french revolution timeline
- calling of estates general (solve bankruptcy)
- tennis court oath
- Bastille
- the great fear
- Austria and Prussia threaten to invade France
- legislative assembly declare war
- sans-culottes took control and pressure the legislative assembly into calling for anew national convention
- national convention declare republic and kill king
- giondrists outed Jacobins
- then there were threats from girodinsts and royalists and foreign threats
- reign of terror
the great fear
agarain revolt during french revolution
emigres
princes and nobles who fled France to raise foreign opposition
national assembly / constituent assembly
- limited monarchy
- metric system
- abolish internal taxes
- abolish guilds
civil constituent of assembly
- church nationalized
- church are employees of the state
- took lands
- took an loath
- church officials elected by the people
Le chapelier law
against organised labor
assignats
bonds issued by government
- later used as currency
- over issue led to high inflation
Jacobin
-racial revolutionizes
-no monarchies
-republic
-not lyattete
-king dead
-supported by sans-coulerte
-
girondins
- more moderate than Jacobins
- advocates of war with Russia
- extend french revolutionary ideas
- king improsioned
declaration of pilnitz
Leopold II of Austria threaten war with France
-wanted to restore absolutism
september massacres
massacre of royalists
vendee
counterrevolutionary uprising in western central France
-suppressed by Robespierre
thermiorian reaction
reaction against extremism of Robespierre
- ended terror
- started directory
the directory
- led by bourgeois (rich)
- new Constitution (corrupt)
- continued war
outcomes of french revolution
-overthrow of monarchy (execution)
-power of nobility weakened
-secularization of church
-new metric system, calender
-
what lands did napoleon conquer
Netherlands, Italy, Dalmatia, Switzerland, Germany, Poland, Spain, Portugal, Sweden, Egypt and Russia
admiral nelson
victor at Trafalgar
-defeated napolone
trafalgar
admiral nelson destroyed french and Spain fleets (napoleon)
austerlizx
napoleon defeated Austria and Russia
now could demolish HRE
seen as genius
napoleon timeline
- invasion of Egypt (fail)
- winning in Austria, Prussia and Prussia
- Austerlitz (reorganize Germany, cause nationalism and unrest)
- guerrilla warfare in Spain (fail)
- failed invasion of Russia
- battle of nations (defeated)
- sent to Elba
- came back (100 days)
- defeated at Waterloo
- sent to St. Helena
Louis XVIII
- restored after french revolution
- accepted parliamentary government, Napoleonic code, abolition of feudalism…
Napoleonic code
- consolidated hundreds of laws
- guarantied many achievements of french revolution
- increased authority of husbands in family
- -civil code restricted women’s rights, patriarchal values, guilty until proven innocent
concordat of 1801
- granted church special status
- regained right to confirm church dignitaries , depose french bishops. reopen seminaries
- in return, pope recognizes the lands taken
how napoleon was enligthened
- encouraged spirit of nationalism at home (but also at Germany)
- Napoleonic code
- abolished serfdom (HRE) (pushed Prussia to go to war)
- ended HRE
- promoted soldiers by merit
- abolish guilds
- plebiscites
- political st-ability
how Napeolon was despotic
- secret police
- placed brothers on thrones of Holland, Spain, and Westphalia, and Italy
- created new hereditary nobility
- crowned himself emperor
- restored church to privilege position
congress of vienna
-bourbonds restored in france
-quadruple alliance (austria, prussia, russia, britian)
-germany left divided (led by austria)
-netherelands and belgium combined (buffer state)
-austria get tuscany, lombardy and venice
-sardinia get pidemont and savoy
-switzrerland is indepdnet
-sweden get norway
-russia got more polish terriority
-
mitternich
against liberalism and nationalism
