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AP review #2 > Chapter 10 #2 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 #2 Flashcards

1
Q

causes for 1848 revolutions

A
  • conservative leaders refused to respond
  • working class radicals and middle class liberals were convinced that repressive Metternich system had outlived its usefulness
  • nationalists in Italy and Germany wanted unification
  • Austrians wanted independence
  • crop failures, rising prices of food, growing unemployment
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2
Q

french 1848 revolution

A
  • Louis Philippe rejected demands for extending franchise to working class (“enrich yourself and you will have the vote”)
  • his government collapsed
  • liberals, socialists, and bonapartists vied for power/ middle class liberals and workers had conflict
  • resulted in Bloody June Days
  • a second republic was then created with universal male suffrage and a president
  • napoleon Bonaparte was elected president
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3
Q

second republic

A

created after Louis Philippe’s government collapsed

  • liberals, socialists, and bonapartists vied for power
  • louis napeolon became president then emperor
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4
Q

Austrian 1848 revolution

A

revolts were kept down by Franz Joseph

  • nationalism in Hungary was repressed by Russian troops in Vienna
  • revolts in Italy were also put down (Mazzini)
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5
Q

Franz joseph

A
  • emperor during Austrian 1848 revolution
  • after 1848 revolution, had dual monarchy
  • had minority problems
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6
Q

Prussian 1848 revolution

A
  • Frederick William IV was forced to make concessions

- he abolished censorship, and a new Constitution that was aimed toward uniting Germany

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7
Q

chartists

A

wanted universal manhood suffrage, secret ballots, no land requirements

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8
Q

Frederick William IV

A
  • was forced to make concessions
  • he abolished censorship, and a new Constitution that was aimed toward uniting Germany
  • the Frankfurt Parliament offered him the to be king of Prussia, but declined because he would be limited by a liberal constitution and have to accept the throne from middle class liberals
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9
Q

German 1848 revolution

A
  • Frankfurt parliament
  • they split into 2 (Grossdeutsch and Kleindetuch)
  • offered Frederick William IV to be king of Prussia
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10
Q

Grossdeutsch

A
  • during 1848 German revolution

- wanted to include Austro-Hungarian empire

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11
Q

Kleindetuch

A
  • during 1848 German revolution

- excluded Austrians

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12
Q

Italian 1848 revolution

A
  • Mazzini
  • Young Italy
  • repressed by Austrian intervention (Franz Joseph )
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13
Q

Crimean War

A
  • Russia versus great Britain, France, and ottoman empire
  • Florence Nightingale
  • in the end, Alexander II of Russia negotiated peace and instituted reform
  • Austria stayed neutral (Russia got mad because of that)
  • Sardinia fought to have napoleon III be on his side
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14
Q

causes of Crimean war

A
  • conflict over jurisdiction within holy places
  • Nicholas wanted to dominate turkey and secure entrance into Mediterranean through Turkish straits (show that France is strong)
  • France and Britain didn’t want a change in balance of power
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15
Q

Unification of Italy

A
  • Cavour modernized and expanded the army
  • Cavour wanted to ally with napoleon III, but he ditched them
  • Cavour got lombardy with Austria
  • Garibaldi and Rome incident
  • gained Venetian from Austria during Austro-Prussian War
  • after everything, Italy still had the problem of north being industrialized and south being poor
  • irredenta was still not incorporated into Italy
  • they had a debt afterward
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16
Q

Garibaldi

A

invaded Sicily and Naples

-marched towards Rome

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17
Q

mazzini

A

attempted to unite Italy during 1848

young Italy

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18
Q

unification of Germany

A
  • Zollverein was enunciated by Prussian to promote economic growth
  • danish war
  • austro-prussian war
  • franco-prussian war
19
Q

bismarck

A

realized to the only way to preserve Prussian power was to conquer the rest of Germany and absorb it into a gigantic Prussian state

20
Q

consequences of austro-prussian war

A
  • Austria excluded from German affairs
  • Austria agreed to dissolution of German confederation
  • Italy annexed Venetian
  • north German confederation of created and dominated by Prussia
21
Q

consequences of franco-prussian war

A

-France had to give up Alsace and Lorraine

-

22
Q

dual monarchy

A
  • separate parliament and domestic government

- still had same ruler, military and diplomatic crops

23
Q

third republic in France

A

created after napoleon II was ousted

  • created after pairs commune
  • universal male suffrage and indirect elections
24
Q

Germany 1850-1914

A
  • political democracy was not created
  • initially allies with liberals to take down the church (kulturkampf)
  • but then he abandoned them and began persecuting the socialists (created a welfare state)
  • then William II came in
  • Germany became industrialized and led to expansion of social democratic party
  • he was a conservative and wanted to stop the growth of socialism
  • now there were tensions between modernization and traditionalism
25
Q

pairs commune

A
  • anarchists and socialists created this (working class)
  • they were suppressed by middle class
  • in the end, the third republic was created
  • conservatives and republicans had conflict
  • Dreyfus affair
26
Q

Austria in the 1850-1914

A
  • led by Franz Joseph
  • dual monarchy
  • minority problems
27
Q

Russia 1850-1914

A
  • Alexander II (frees serfs) creates reforms
  • Alexander II assassinated
  • Alexander III then became repressive
  • Nicholas II (revolution of 1905)
  • pogroms under Alexander III and Nicholas II
28
Q

Alexander I

A
  • abolish serfdom
  • serfs had to pay the government (mir)
  • zemstovs were local councils, but were limited
  • had secret police
  • assainated
29
Q

Nicholas II

A
  • massive industrialization (count wiitte)
  • Russia’s defeat in Russo-Japanese war cause revolution of 1905
  • ended with duma
  • however he didn’t follow through on his problems of reform
  • in march, he was forced to abdicate
  • in October, the Bolshevik revolution over throw provisional government
30
Q

count witte

A

industrialized Russia

-under Nicholas II

31
Q

Britain From 1850-1914

A
  • Victorian age
  • moved toward democracy (reform act of 1867 and 1884)
  • competition between Disraeli and Gladstone
  • women denied right to vote
  • liberals had pressure from trade unions who wanted collective ownership and labor party
  • liberals moved away from laissez faire and move towards social reforms to keep people away from labor party (led by Lloyd George)
32
Q

Reform Act of 1867

A

-Disraeli

-

33
Q

Disraeli

A
  • conservative
  • electoral reform
  • wanted to win voted from working class
  • reform act of 1867
34
Q

Gladstone

A
  • liberal
  • education act
  • wanted home rule (wasn’t passed until 1914)
35
Q

Lloyd George

A

-liberals moved away from laissez faire and move towards social reforms to keep people away from labor party (led by Lloyd George)

36
Q

second industrial revolution

A
  • electrical power
  • steel metal replace iron
  • oil replace coal
  • industrialization moved toward larger an larger scale (cartels and tariffs against foreign products, and corporations and trusts)
  • consumer economy
  • rise of a large middle class
  • new occupation created lower middle class (separate from factory workers, white collar)
  • women were fighting for right to vote
  • emigration (Ireland)
  • improving conditions (Hausseman)
37
Q

Russian 1905 revolution

A
  • terrible conditions of early Russian industrialization
  • bloody Sunday
  • Marxists exiles became dangerous (menchseviks and Bolsheviks)
38
Q

bloody sunday

A

troops shoot people outside tsar’s palace

Prussian 1905 revolution

39
Q

menchseviks

A

moderate

wanted mass electoral socialist party

40
Q

Bolsheviks

A

led by Lenin
attributed success of capitalism invest to new imperialism
a small band of elite revolutionaries could seize control and guide it to communist utopia

41
Q

labor party

A

-combined with Fabian society and trade union

42
Q

William II

A

kicked out Bismarck
brought in socialists in paraliement
-Germany became industrialized and led to expansion of social democratic party
-he was a conservative and wanted to stop the growth of socialism
-now there were tensions between modernization and traditionalism

43
Q

evolutionary socailism

A

Eduard Bernstein
-working class condition was improving
-workers must organize in mass politic parties instead of revolution
DEMOCRATIc means

AP review #2 (18 decks)

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