Chapter 7

Question 1

Copernicus

Answer 1

• heliocentric solar system

- challenged Ptolemaic earth centered theory

Question 2

brahe

Answer 2

collected a lot of data

Question 3

kepler

Answer 3

used brahe’s data to develop laws predicting elliptic orbits of planets
-3 planetary laws of motion

Question 4

Galileo

Answer 4

invented telescope (prove heliocentric view) , law of inertia (resistance of object to motion), mathematical uniformity of motion

Question 5

newton

Answer 5

invented calculus

• studied optics
• laws of gravity
• argued strongly of religion
• established royal society
• Newtonian universe

Question 6

royal society

Answer 6

premier scientific organization in Europe

Question 7

bacon

Answer 7

experiment!

• scientific method
• induction

Question 8

descartes

Answer 8

• deduction
• “i think, therefore I am”
• go back to the drawing board/renounced all previous assumptions

Question 9

pascal

Answer 9

combined reason and science with faith

Question 10

harvey

Answer 10

blood circulation

Question 11

bole

Answer 11

law of gases

-atoms instead of same components make up matter

Question 12

Paracelsus

Answer 12

“like cures like”

-the poison that caused a disease would be its cure

Question 13

vesalius

Answer 13

blood vessels organize from liver

corrected some of the old ideas, but kept most

Question 14

spinoza

Answer 14

diesm

Question 15

deism

Answer 15

god is not involved

-Newtonian universe

Question 16

outcomes of scientific revolution

Answer 16

• new skepticism
• we can penetrate mysteries that surround us/new sense of mastery of our own fate
• idea of progress
• emphasis on manners
• weakening superstitions
• emphasis on education and research
• weakening of organized religion
• women becomes scientists and leaders (salons)

Question 17

hobbes

Answer 17

• man is violent, people don’t know
• they will destroy everything
• need government to control (unlimited)
• leviathan

Question 18

locke

Answer 18

man is a blank slate

• human state is perfection
• government must cultivate human goodness
• rebellion necessary under bad rule
• constitutions
• life, liberty, property