Chapter 7 Flashcards
Copernicus
- heliocentric solar system
- challenged Ptolemaic earth centered theory
brahe
collected a lot of data
kepler
used brahe’s data to develop laws predicting elliptic orbits of planets
-3 planetary laws of motion
Galileo
invented telescope (prove heliocentric view) , law of inertia (resistance of object to motion), mathematical uniformity of motion
newton
invented calculus
- studied optics
- laws of gravity
- argued strongly of religion
- established royal society
- Newtonian universe
royal society
premier scientific organization in Europe
bacon
experiment!
- scientific method
- induction
descartes
- deduction
- “i think, therefore I am”
- go back to the drawing board/renounced all previous assumptions
pascal
combined reason and science with faith
harvey
blood circulation
bole
law of gases
-atoms instead of same components make up matter
Paracelsus
“like cures like”
-the poison that caused a disease would be its cure
vesalius
blood vessels organize from liver
corrected some of the old ideas, but kept most
spinoza
diesm
deism
god is not involved
-Newtonian universe
outcomes of scientific revolution
- new skepticism
- we can penetrate mysteries that surround us/new sense of mastery of our own fate
- idea of progress
- emphasis on manners
- weakening superstitions
- emphasis on education and research
- weakening of organized religion
- women becomes scientists and leaders (salons)
hobbes
- man is violent, people don’t know
- they will destroy everything
- need government to control (unlimited)
- leviathan
locke
man is a blank slate
- human state is perfection
- government must cultivate human goodness
- rebellion necessary under bad rule
- constitutions
- life, liberty, property
