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MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY > CHAPTER 9 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 9 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

process of providing nutrition for the body

A

alimentation

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2
Q

after becoming available to the body cells, nutrients are used for growth, generation of energy, and elimination of wastes, all of which result from this process.

A

metabolism

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3
Q

the oral intake os substance in the body

A

ingestion

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4
Q

the mechanical and chemical conversion of food into substances that can eventually be absorbed by cells.

A

digestion

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5
Q

is the process in w/c the digested food molecules pass through the lining of the small intestine into the blood and lymph capillaries.

A

absorption

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6
Q

removal of undigested food particles.

A

elimination

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7
Q

elimination of waste through the anus in the form of feces

A

defecation

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8
Q

the chemical breakdown of nutrients into simpler substance

A

enzymes

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9
Q

breaks down lactose

A

lactase

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10
Q

simpler sugar that is major source of energy for the body

A

glucose

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11
Q

enzyme that breaks down starch.

A

amylase

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12
Q

effective enzyme that breaks down protein.

A

proteinase

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13
Q

effective enzyme that breaks down fat

A

lipase

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14
Q

alimentary canal is often called the digestive tract or the…

A

alimentary tract

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15
Q

refers to the stomach and the intestines.

A

gastrintestinal

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16
Q

consist of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, and stomach

A

UGI

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17
Q

is made up of the small and large intestines.

A

LGI

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18
Q

produced by salivary glands

A

saliva

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19
Q

hormone that regulates the blood sugar level

A

insulin

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20
Q

a rectal infusion of barium sulfate

A

barium enema

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21
Q

is the pathway for bile flow from the liver to the bile duct and into the duodenum

A

biliary tract

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22
Q

a stone formed in the biliary tract varying size from very small to 4-5 cm in diameter

A

gallstone

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23
Q

stone may cause

A

jaundice

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24
Q

presence of stones in the gallbladder

A

cholelithiasis

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25
Q

presence of pancreatic stone

A

pancreatolithiasis

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26
Q

salivary ducts can be studied by injecting radiopaque substances into the the ducts in a procedure called&raquo_space;>

A

sialography

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27
Q

examination of esophagus

A

esophagoscopy

28
Q

examination of stomach

A

gastroscopy

29
Q

the endoscopic examination of the lining of the colo

A

colonoscopy

30
Q

inspection of the rectum and sigmoid colon

A

sigmoidoscopy

31
Q

result of resistance to insulin secretion by the insulin-secreting calls of the pancreas

A

diabetes mellitus/diabetes

32
Q

w/o insulin, glucose builds up in the blood and results in ___.

A

hyperglycemia

33
Q

the pancreas produce too much insulin and cause

A

hypoglycemia

34
Q

type of lipid that generally elevated

A

hyperlipemia

35
Q

vomiting

A

mesis

36
Q

loss of appetite for food

A

anorexia

37
Q

often associated w/ psychologic stress or conflict, is a disorder characterized by prolonged refusal to eat that results in amaciation

A

anorexia nervosa

38
Q

episodes of binge eating that often terminate in self induced vomiting

A

bulimia

39
Q

either prolonged anorexia or bulimia leads to depletion of nutrients for body cells and results…

A

malnutrition

40
Q

inflammation of the gum

A

gingivitis

41
Q

inflammation of the tongue

A

glossitis

42
Q

inability to swallow or difficulty in swallowing

A

dysphagia

43
Q

condition resulting from back flow of the stomach contents into the esophagus.

A

GERD - gastroesophageal reflux disease

44
Q

inflammation of the stomach

A

gastritis

45
Q

herniation of the stomach

A

gastrocele

46
Q

inflammation of the stomach and the intestinal tract

A

gastroenteritis

47
Q

inflammation of the vermiform appendix

A

appendicitis

48
Q

inflammation of the colon

A

colitis

49
Q

inflammation of the diverticulum in the intestinal tract, especially in the colon, causing stagnation, or lack of movement of feces and pain.

A

diverticulitis

50
Q

is the presence of diverticula w/o inflammation

A

diverticulosis

51
Q

masses of veins in the anal canal that are unnaturally distended and lie just inside or outside the rectum

A

hemorrhoids

52
Q

inflammation of the gall bladder

A

cholecystitis

53
Q

formation or presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or common bile duct

A

cholelithiasis

54
Q

stoppage of bile excretion

A

cholestasis

55
Q

chronic liver disease characterized by marked degeneration of liver cells

A

cirrhosis

56
Q

inflammation of the liver

A

hepatitis

57
Q

enlargement of the liver

A

hepatomegaly

58
Q

excessive urination, but it usually refers to diabetes mellitus

A

diabetes

59
Q

removal of the vermiform appendix

A

appendectomy

60
Q

creation of an artificial anus on the abdominal wall by incising the colon and drawing it out to surface

A

colostomy

61
Q

surgical removal of all parts of stomach

A

gastrectomy

62
Q

surgical creation of a new opening into the stomach through the abdominal wall.

A

gastrostomy

63
Q

removal of the hemorrhoids by any of several means

A

hemerrhoidectomy

64
Q

creation of a surgical passage through the abdominal wall into ileum

A

ileostomy

65
Q

examination of the abdominal cavity w/ a laparoscope through one or more small incisions in the abdominal wall.

A

lparoscopy

MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY (22 decks)

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