CHAPTER 9 Flashcards
process of providing nutrition for the body
alimentation
after becoming available to the body cells, nutrients are used for growth, generation of energy, and elimination of wastes, all of which result from this process.
metabolism
the oral intake os substance in the body
ingestion
the mechanical and chemical conversion of food into substances that can eventually be absorbed by cells.
digestion
is the process in w/c the digested food molecules pass through the lining of the small intestine into the blood and lymph capillaries.
absorption
removal of undigested food particles.
elimination
elimination of waste through the anus in the form of feces
defecation
the chemical breakdown of nutrients into simpler substance
enzymes
breaks down lactose
lactase
simpler sugar that is major source of energy for the body
glucose
enzyme that breaks down starch.
amylase
effective enzyme that breaks down protein.
proteinase
effective enzyme that breaks down fat
lipase
alimentary canal is often called the digestive tract or the…
alimentary tract
refers to the stomach and the intestines.
gastrintestinal
consist of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, and stomach
UGI
is made up of the small and large intestines.
LGI
produced by salivary glands
saliva
hormone that regulates the blood sugar level
insulin
a rectal infusion of barium sulfate
barium enema
is the pathway for bile flow from the liver to the bile duct and into the duodenum
biliary tract
a stone formed in the biliary tract varying size from very small to 4-5 cm in diameter
gallstone
stone may cause
jaundice
presence of stones in the gallbladder
cholelithiasis
presence of pancreatic stone
pancreatolithiasis
salivary ducts can be studied by injecting radiopaque substances into the the ducts in a procedure called»_space;>
sialography
examination of esophagus
esophagoscopy
examination of stomach
gastroscopy
the endoscopic examination of the lining of the colo
colonoscopy
inspection of the rectum and sigmoid colon
sigmoidoscopy
result of resistance to insulin secretion by the insulin-secreting calls of the pancreas
diabetes mellitus/diabetes
w/o insulin, glucose builds up in the blood and results in ___.
hyperglycemia
the pancreas produce too much insulin and cause
hypoglycemia
type of lipid that generally elevated
hyperlipemia
vomiting
mesis
loss of appetite for food
anorexia
often associated w/ psychologic stress or conflict, is a disorder characterized by prolonged refusal to eat that results in amaciation
anorexia nervosa
episodes of binge eating that often terminate in self induced vomiting
bulimia
either prolonged anorexia or bulimia leads to depletion of nutrients for body cells and results…
malnutrition
inflammation of the gum
gingivitis
inflammation of the tongue
glossitis
inability to swallow or difficulty in swallowing
dysphagia
condition resulting from back flow of the stomach contents into the esophagus.
GERD - gastroesophageal reflux disease
inflammation of the stomach
gastritis
herniation of the stomach
gastrocele
inflammation of the stomach and the intestinal tract
gastroenteritis
inflammation of the vermiform appendix
appendicitis
inflammation of the colon
colitis
inflammation of the diverticulum in the intestinal tract, especially in the colon, causing stagnation, or lack of movement of feces and pain.
diverticulitis
is the presence of diverticula w/o inflammation
diverticulosis
masses of veins in the anal canal that are unnaturally distended and lie just inside or outside the rectum
hemorrhoids
inflammation of the gall bladder
cholecystitis
formation or presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or common bile duct
cholelithiasis
stoppage of bile excretion
cholestasis
chronic liver disease characterized by marked degeneration of liver cells
cirrhosis
inflammation of the liver
hepatitis
enlargement of the liver
hepatomegaly
excessive urination, but it usually refers to diabetes mellitus
diabetes
removal of the vermiform appendix
appendectomy
creation of an artificial anus on the abdominal wall by incising the colon and drawing it out to surface
colostomy
surgical removal of all parts of stomach
gastrectomy
surgical creation of a new opening into the stomach through the abdominal wall.
gastrostomy
removal of the hemorrhoids by any of several means
hemerrhoidectomy
creation of a surgical passage through the abdominal wall into ileum
ileostomy
examination of the abdominal cavity w/ a laparoscope through one or more small incisions in the abdominal wall.
lparoscopy
