CHAPTER 5: Part 1 Flashcards
cells that have ability to divide without limit and give rise to specialized cells
stem cells
somato
body
forms the covering of both internal and external surfaces (skin and lining of cavities). cells are joined by small amounts of cementing substances.
epithelial tissue
supports and binds other body tissue and parts. (bone and fat cells, for example)
connective tissue
is composed of fibers that are able to contract, causing movement of body parts and organs.
muscular tissue
conducts impulses that connect the brain and spinal cord with other parts of the body.
nervous tissue
consists of several organs that work together to accomplish a set of functions
body system
refers to the constant internal environment that is naturally maintained by the body.
homeostasis
homeo
sameness
-stasis
controlling
a-
without
-plasia
formation
dys
bad
hypo
below nowmal
hyper
above normal
the lack of development of an organ or tissue
aplasia
any abnormal development of tissues, recognized by cells that differ in size, shape and appearance.
dysplacia
underdevelopment of an organ or a tissue, and is less severe than aplasia
hypoplasia
an increase in the size of an organ caused by an increase in the size of existing cells rather than the number of cells (as in hyperplasia)
hypertrophy
is characteristic of malignant tumors
anaplasia
hyper
more than normal
-trophy
nutrition
-plasia
formation
the position that a person is in while standing erect with the arms at the sides and the palms forward.
anatomic position
nearer to or toward the front; ventral
anterior
nearer to or toward the back; dorsal; situated behind
posterior
belly side; same as anterior surface in humans
ventral
directed toward or situated on the back side; same as posterior surface in humans
dorsal
middle or near the middle
medial, median
toward the side; denoting a position farther from the midline of the body or from a structure
lateral
uppermost or above
superior
lowermost or below
inferior
nearer the origin or point of attachment
proximal
far or distant from the origin or point of attachment
distal
toward the head
cephalad
toward the tail or an inferior direction in humans
caudad
inside, within
internal
outside
external
divides the body into front and back portion
frontal plane
divides the body into upper and lower portions
transverse plane
divides the body into right and left sides
sagittal plane
divides the body into two equal halves
midsagittal plane
is the rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces downward
pronation
is the rotation of a joint that allows the hand or foot to turn upward
supination
means lying down
recumbent
describes a person who is able to walk
ambulant
cavities located near the posterior part of the body
dorsal cavity
cavities located near the anterior part of the body
ventral cavity
the dorsal cavity is divided into:
cranial and spinal cavities
large organs contained in the ventral cavity are called….
viscera
the ventral cavity is divided into:
thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity
divides the thoracic and and abdominopelvic cavity.
diaphragm
lines the abdominopelvic cavity and enfolds the internal organs
perotoneum
dorso
back
ventro
belly
cranio
skull
spino
spine
thoraco
chest
abdomino
abdomen
pelvi
pelvis
-eum
membrane
abdomino
abdomen
acro
extremeties
blepharo
eyelid
cysto
cyst, bladder or sac
dactylo
digit (toes, fingers or both)
laparo
abdominal wall
omphalo/ umbilico
umbilicus (navel)
onycho
nail
pelvi
pelvis
peritono
peritoneum
soma/somato
body
thoraco
chest (thorax)
means pertaining to the extremities of the body (arms and legs)
acral
is dermatitis of the extremities
acrodermatitis
cyanosis of the extremities, the arms and legs appear bluish
acroyanosis
abnormal coldness of extremities
acrohypothermy
is a disorder in which there is abnormal enlargement of the body extremities
acromegaly
the chest is also called»>
thorax
portion of the body trunk that is located between the chest and the pelvis.
abdomen
are often used to describe the location of pain or body structures.
abdominal quadrants
surgical puncture of the chest wall for aspiration of fluids could be called___
thoracocentesis/thoracentesis
is the lower portion of the body trunk
pelvis
means pertaining to a pelvis, usually the bony pelvis, as is the case here.
pelvic
refers to the head of the fetus and the maternal pelvis
cephalopelvic
is an adjective that pertains to the abdomen and the thorax
abdominothoracic
surgical procedure that is performed to remove excess fluids from the abdominal cavity or to inject a therapeutic agent.
abdomino centesis/ abdominal paracentesis
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity.
acsites
can result if infectious microorganisms gain access by way of surgical incisions or by the rupture or perforation of viscera associated structures.
peritonitis
congenital herniation of navel
omphalocele
protrusion of an organ through an abnormal opening in the wall of all the cavity that surrounds it
hernia
pertaining to the palm
palmar
means the sole, or undersurface of the foot
plantar
study of fingerprints
dactylography
means cramping of a finger or toe
dactylospasm
inflammation of the bones of the fingers and toes
dactylitis
means pertaining to the hands and feet
chiropody
cramping of the hand, such as writer’s cramp
chirospasm
habitually bites the nail
onychophagist
any disease of nails
onychopaty
means a disease of the nails caused by a fungus
onychomycosis
surgical removal removal of nail
onychectomy
accumulation of fluid in the interstitial compartment results in a condition ____
edema
