CHAPTER 8: TERMINOLOGY Flashcards
combined activity of various processes that supply oxygen to all body cells and remove carbon dioxide.
respiration
consist of series of passages that bring outside air in contact with special structures that lie close to blood capillaries
respiratory system
air into
inspiration
air out
expiration
inspiration is also called
inhalation
expiartion is also called
exhalation
a physician who specialized in the anatomy, physiology and pathology of the lungs
pulmonologists
muscular wall that separates the abdomen from the thoracic cavity
diaphragm
means pertaining to the diaphragm but sometimes means pertaining to mind
phrenic
membrane surrounded lung
pleura
soace between the pleura that covers the lungs and the pleura that lines the thoracic cavity
pleural cavity
air-filed paired cavities in various bones around the nose.
paranasal sinuses
is a noninvasive photodiagnostic method of monitoring blood oxygen saturation in the arteries
oximetry
instrument used for oximetry? what location?
oximeter
-earlobe or finger
means normal respiration
eupnea
is labored or difficult breathing and the patient often complains of shortness of breath
dyspnea
means temporary absence of brething
apnea
a condition in w/c breathing is uncomfortable in any position except sitting erect or standing.
orthopnea
abnormally slow breathing
bradypnea
respiration that exceeds 20 breaths per minute
tachypnea
an increased respiratory rate or breathing that is deeper than normal.
hyperpnea
increased aeration of the lungs w/c reduces carbon dioxide levels in the body and can disrupt homeostasis.
hyperventilation
measurement of the maount of air taken into and and expelled from the lungs
spirometry
disorder characterized by respiratory insufficiency and hypoxemia
adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
paroxysmal dyspnea accompanied by wheezing
asthma
is a whistling sound made during resiration
wheeze
means occurring in sudden, periodic attacks or recurrence of symptoms.
paroxysmal
incomplete expansion of a lung or a portion of it
atelactasis
chronic dilation of a bronchus or the bronchi accompanied by a secondary infection that usually involves the lower part of the lung
bronchiectasis
radiography of the bronchi after injection of a radiopaque substance
bronchography
record of the bronchi and lungs produced by bronchography
bronchogram
lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer-related death
carcinoma of the lung
disease process that decreases the lungs’ ability to perform their ventilatory function
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
characterized by chronic airflow limitation,is also called chronic obstructive lung disease.
bronchiolitis
chronic pulmonary disease characterized by an increase in the size of alveoli and by destructive changes in their walls, resulting in difficulty in breathing.
emphysema
acute, contagious respiratory infection characterized by sudden onset, chills, headache, fever and muscular discomfort
influenza
an abnormal protruding growth from the nasal mucosa
nasal polyp
inflammation of the pleura
pleuritis
a sharp pain on inspiration
pleurisy
respiratory condition caused by inhalation of dust particles
pneuomoconiosis
blockage of a pulmonary artery by foreign matter such as fat, air, tumor tissue or a blood clot
pulmonary embolism
infectious respiratory disease spread by close contact w/ an infected person and caused by a coranavirus
severe acute respirartory syndrome (SARS
form of pneumoconiosis resulting from inhalation of the dust of stone, sand, quartz, or flint that contains silica
silicosis
sudden unexpected death of an apparently normal and healthy infant occurs during sleep and with no physical or autopsy evidence of disease
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
infectious disease caused by the bacterium mycobacterium tuberculosis
tuberculosis (TB)
small, round nodules-that are produced in the lungs by the bacteria
tubercles
requires immediate corrective measures to prevent loss of consciousness and, if not corrected, death
asphyxiation
may be necessary in upper airway obstruction
tracheostomy
an incision of the trachea through the skin and muscles of the neck overlying the trachea
tracheotomy
machine that is used for prolonged artificial ventilation of the lungs
ventilator
the insertion of an airway tube through the mouth or nose into the trachea
endotracheal intubation
refer to insertion of a tube into the trachea through the nose or mouth, respectively
nasotracheal intubation
orotracheal intubation
