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BPK 140 > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Compromising the body through microorganisms

A

infections

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2
Q

The pathway that leads to the infection of a new host

A

chain of infection

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3
Q

six steps of the chain of infection

A
  1. pathogen
  2. reservoir
  3. portal of exit
  4. means of transmission
  5. portal of entry
  6. new host
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4
Q

harmful substances that cause illness

A

toxins

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5
Q

the natural environment of a pathogen

A

reservoir

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6
Q

Three general ways we are infected by a pathogen

A

direct contract, inhalation, or ingestion

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7
Q

An infection throughout the body

A

systemic infection

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8
Q

the bodily system responsible for protecting the body from pathogens

A

immune system

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9
Q

What is the physical defence of the body?

A

the skin and cilia

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10
Q

hair like protrusions on cells that are used to sweep away particles

A

cilia

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11
Q

What are the chemical barriers of the body?

A

mucous membrane

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12
Q

A type of white blood cell that searches for invaders in the blood stream

A

neutrophils

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13
Q

group of scavenger cells that eat pathogens and dead cells

A

macrophages

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14
Q

cells that kills infected or dead cells

A

natural killer cells

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15
Q

cells inside tissues that eat pathogens and activate lymphocytes

A

dendritic cells

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16
Q

cells of the lympathic system

A

lymphocytes

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17
Q

Where do macrophages and dendritic cells congregate to filter bacteria?

A

lymph nodes

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18
Q

where are immune cells made?

A

bone marrow

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19
Q

What are the three types of T cells?

A

helper T cells, killer T cells, and suppress T cells.

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20
Q

Lymphocytes that produce antibodies

A

B cells

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21
Q

Protiens that can recognize and neutralize specific microbes and are produced by B cells

A

antibodies

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22
Q

Cells that remember invaders and can reproduce the same immune response in the future

A

memory t and B cells

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23
Q

diseases that cause the body to attack itself

A

autoimmune diseases

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24
Q

Markers that identify cells as not part of the body

A

antigens

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25
Q

How do antibodies work?

A

the attach themselves to specific antigens to identify the pathogen and trigger the appropriate immune response

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26
Q

A substance that produces the inflammatory response

A

histamine

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27
Q

What is the inflammatory response?

A

a response that causes the body to remove invaders and debris after an injury or infection

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28
Q

An immune response when a pathogen is recognized as foreign, but have no memory t or B cells to kick start the reaction.

A

natural (innate) immune response

29
Q

An immune response when a pathogen is recognized as foreign by the memory t and B cells

A

aquired (adaptive) immune response

30
Q

What are the 4 steps of an immune response?

A
  1. dendritic cells consume foreign cells and send information to helper T cells about antigens
  2. Helper T cells trigger production of killer T cells and B cells
  3. Killer T cells and natural killer cells destroy infected cells. B cells produce antibodies
  4. Suppressor T cells stop immune response and memory T and B cells remain in body
31
Q

When an infected person won’t get the same illness again

A

immunity

32
Q

the ability for lymphocytes to remember previous infections

A

acquired immunity

33
Q

when viruses are multiplying inside the body without the person’s knowledge, but can still spread the virus

A

incubation

34
Q

What causes the symptoms of a illness?

A

immune response

35
Q

A way to give a person antibodies without them getting an infection or illness

A

vaccine

36
Q

priming the immune system for an infection

A

immunization

37
Q

A small dosage of weakened virus is used to cause the body to make antibodies for a more dangerous virus.

A

viral vector vaccine

38
Q

Giving a strand of messenger RNA to a patient to allow the body to recognize it as foreign.

A

mRNA vaccines

39
Q

when a vaccine causes the body to produce their own antibodies

A

active immunity

40
Q

when a person is injected with antibodies

A

passive immunity

41
Q

When the immune system detects a non-harmful particle as harmful and triggers an immune response

A

allergy

42
Q

Substances that provoke an allergic response

A

allergens

43
Q

Microscopic single celled organisms that reproduce by splitting in two inside of cells

A

Bacteria

44
Q

True or false: bacteria can be helpful

A

true

45
Q

Inflammation of the lungs caused by bacteria, viruses or fungi that clogs the lungs with fluid

A

pneumonia

46
Q

bacteria with incomplete cell walls

A

mycoplasmas

47
Q

infection of the membrane covering the brain and spinal cord

A

meningitis

48
Q

a long chain of bacteria that causes a sore throat and swelling of the tonsils and lymph nodes

A

streptococcus

49
Q

A bacteria that grows in the clusters in the skin and nose of health people

A

staphylococcus

50
Q

What bacteria produces toxins that cause Toxic Shock Syndrome

A

staphylococcus

51
Q

A chronic infection of the lungs that spreads via respiratory route.

A

Tuberculosis

52
Q

A type of disease that is transmitted through tick bites passing bacteria

A

Lyme disease

53
Q

Substances that kill bacteria by damaging a part of their reproduction system or creating faults in their genes

A

antibiotic

54
Q

The term for when a strain of bacteria is no longer effected by a type of treatment

A

Antibiotic resistance

55
Q

when an infectious host exhales droplets containing virus into the air and lands on a commonly touched object

A

fomite transmission

56
Q

A pathogen that cannot produce it’s own energy and is made of a strain of dna

A

virus

57
Q

an infection of the respiratory tract that evolves quickly

A

influenza

58
Q

viral illnesses that typically infect children with a rash and fever that can typically become more severe

A

measles, mumps, and rubella

59
Q

a type of viruses that can’t be removed from the host for life

A

herpesviruses

60
Q

Inflammation of the brain tissue caused by a viral infection

A

encephalitis

61
Q

Acute hepatitis infection that causes yellowing of the skin and a malfunctioning liver

A

jaundice

62
Q

An organism that absorbs food from organic matter

A

fungus

63
Q

Single celled organisms that are only parasitic in nature

A

protozoa

64
Q

Large organisms that enter the body and cause infection

A

parasitic worms

65
Q

Protein only pathogen that causes degenerative disorders in the central nervous system

A

prions

66
Q

What is the most common place prions effect?

A

the brain

67
Q

Most common reason for emerging infections?

A

drug resistance, poverty, poor public health, travel, mass food production, human behaviour, bioterrorism, climate change

68
Q
A

BPK 140 (9 decks)

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