Chapter 8

Question 1

An abnormal and uncontrolled multiplication of cells

Answer 1

cancer

Question 2

A mass of tissue cells that does

Answer 2

tumor

Question 3

a mass of tissue made up of cells similar to surrounding cells by is enclosed in a membrane that prevents them from spreading

Answer 3

benign tumour

Question 4

Can a benign tumour cause death?

Answer 4

yes, it can constrict blood vesicles or interfere with bodily functions

Question 5

A tumor that can invade the surrounding tissues

Answer 5

malignant tumour

Question 6

How does a malignant tumour spread

Answer 6

if a cell gets into the circulation system or the lymphatic system

Question 7

How is a tumour diagnosed?

Answer 7

Through the detection of a lump in an x-ray or a biopsy

Question 8

The spreading of cancer cells from one part of the body to another

Answer 8

metastasis

Question 9

how does metastasis work?

Answer 9

some cells break away from the primary tumour and pass into the lymph or blood vessels. The tumour cell can recruit normal cells to use as envoys of travel and attract more cancer cells. They will keep replicating at the new location

Question 10

The seeding process at a new site

Answer 10

metastasizing

Question 11

The location of new tutors formed from traveling cells

Answer 11

secondary tumours or metastases

Question 12

When some cases of cancer disappear and is considered under control, but does not happen without treatment

Answer 12

remission

Question 13

What is the most common types of cancer in men and women?

Answer 13

men: prostate. women: breast

Question 14

What is the deadliest type of cancer?

Answer 14

lung and bronchus

Question 15

How are tumours classified?

Answer 15

according to the type of cells that cause it

Question 16

cancer that comes from the tissues that cover the external body and line the internal organs

Answer 16

carcinomas

Question 17

cancer that comes from cells in the connective tissues

Answer 17

sarcomas

Question 18

cancers of the lymph nodes or immune system

Answer 18

lymphomas

Question 19

cancers of the bone marrow

Answer 19

leukemias

Question 20

Risk factors of developing cancer

Answer 20

tobacco use, high alcohol consumption, exposure to carcinogens, less contact with health care professionals

Question 21

How is lung cancer detected and treated?

Answer 21

detected in a CT scan or X-ray and treated using surgery or chemotherapy. Other measures like phototherapy, gene therapy and a vaccine are incoming

Question 22

Risks factors for colon and rectal cancer

Answer 22

Genetics that create polyps, lifestyle like eating a lot of red meat, and regular use of anti-inflammatory drugs

Question 23

How is colon cancer detected and treated??

Answer 23

monitoring polyps, fecal test, and recall scans. Usually treated through surgery, radiation or chemotherapy

Question 24

Risk factors for breast cancer

Answer 24

Genetics, early menstruation, late menopause, having no children, having first child after 30, high breast density, using hormone replacement, and being physically inactive.

Question 25

How is breast cancer detected?

Answer 25

mammogram

Question 26

How is breast cancer treated?

Answer 26

surgery, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, antibody therapy, and radiation

Question 27

New drugs being developed for breast cancer

Answer 27

Aromatase inhibitory that interfere with the body’s ability to produce estrogen

Question 28

How is prostate cancer detected

Answer 28

digital rectal exam and a prostate-specific antigen blood test

Question 29

What is the problem of prostate-specific antigen blood test

Answer 29

the test is not sensitive enough and lead to false positives

Question 30

treatment for prostate cancer

Answer 30

radical prostatectomy (removal of prostate), implication of radio active seeds, hormones, cryotherapy, chemo

Question 31

A serious type of skin cancer

Answer 31

melanoma

Question 32

What are the primary risk factors to skin cancer

Answer 32

excessive exposure to uv, low, severe and acute sun reactions especially as a child, being light skinned,

Question 33

Three types of skin cancer

Answer 33

Basal cell carcinoma: cancer of the deepest layer or the skin
squamous cell carcinoma: cancer of the surface of the skin
melanoma: skin cancer hat appears at a pre-existing mole and spreads quickly

Question 34

Prevention of skin cancer

Answer 34

Wear sun protective clothing like hats and sunglasses, sunscreen, monitoring uv index, don’t use tanning salons or tanning products

Question 35

Treatment of melanoma

Answer 35

surgery and immune therapies

Question 36

How is cancer usually detected?

Answer 36

through a doctor exam after you notice any symptoms or warning signs.

Question 37

How is cancer normally diagnosed?

Answer 37

Through an imaging tecnique like X-rays, CT, or ultrasound

Question 38

The use of a drug that destroys all rapidly growing cells and can sometime also kill healthy cells

Answer 38

chemotherapy

Question 39

When chemotherapy is given before surgery

Answer 39

induction chemotherapy

Question 40

When a beam of X-rayys or gamma rays is directed at a tumour

Answer 40

radiation therapy

Question 41

Adding antibodies that can help mark cancer cells and boost the immune system.

Answer 41

Immunotherapies

Question 42

engineered T-cell lymphocytes that are better at targeting and attacking cancer cells

Answer 42

CAR-T-cell therapy

Question 43

Transplanting stem cells into people who have had their cells depleted by chemotherapy

Answer 43

stem cell transplants