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BPK 140 > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Diseases of the heart and blood vessels

A

cardiovascular disease

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2
Q

What are some things that increase our risk of cardiovascular disease

A

unhealthy diet, sedentary, overweight, smoking, stress, high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels

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3
Q

The side of the heart that pumps blood to the lungs

A

right

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4
Q

the side of the heart that pumps blood to the body

A

left

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5
Q

the system that makes oxygenated blood

A

pulmonary circulation

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6
Q

the system that delivers oxygenated blood to the body

A

systemic circulation

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7
Q

the steps of blood travel

A
  1. oxygen poor blood travels through veneer cavae into the atrium
  2. right atrium contracts to pump blood into the ventricle
  3. ventricle pumps blood through the pulmonary artery into the lungs
  4. blood fills with oxygen
  5. blood goes to the left atrium and then to the left ventricle
  6. left ventricle is full and pumps blood through the aorta and into the rest of the body
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8
Q

two large veins that blood returns to the atrium of the heart

A

venae cavae

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9
Q

the top chambers of the heart in which blood collects

A

atrium

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10
Q

the bottom chambers of the heart that pumps the blood to other areas

A

ventricles

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11
Q

large artery that sends blood to the other parts of the body

A

aorta

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12
Q

vessels that carry blood away from the heart

A

arteries

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13
Q

very small blood vessels that serve to exchange oxygen and nutrients from blood to tissues

A

capillaries

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14
Q

When the heart is contracting

A

systole

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15
Q

when the heart is relaxed

A

diastole

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16
Q

the force exerted by blood against the blood on the walls of the blood vessels

A

blood pressure

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17
Q

the sequence of contractions of the heart chambers that is controlled by nerve impulses

A

heartbeat

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18
Q

Carry blood to the heart

A

veins

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19
Q

Vessels on the left and right sides of the heart that gives the heart blood since the blood flowing through the heart’s chambers does not supply it with blood

A

coronary arteries

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20
Q

What is the leading cause of heart attacks

A

coronary arteries blockage

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21
Q

What is the risk of smoking a pack of cigs a day, two packs?

A

twice the risk of a heart attack of typical people and triple the risk

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22
Q

how does smoking effect the blood?

A

platelets to stick together, damages arteries lining, leaves fatty deposits in the arteries, and increases heart rate and blood pressure

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23
Q

when too much force is exerted against the walls of the arteries

A

hypertension

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24
Q

what is hypertension (numbers)

A

above 120 over 80

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25
Q

what causes hypertension?

A

increased output of blood by the heart and increased resistance to blood flow

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26
Q

a disease that causes arteries to become clogged and narrowed

A

atherosclerosis

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27
Q

general health risks of hypertension

A

damages vital organs, increases risk of, heart attack, heart failure, kidney failure, stroke, and blindness

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28
Q

What are recommended ways of controlling hypertension ?

A

eating less sodium, exercising regularly, eating a healthy diet, quitting smoking, eating enough potassium

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29
Q

a fatty substance a circulates through the blood stream and is an important component of cell membranes and hormones, but can also clog arteries

A

cholesterol

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30
Q

A type of lipoprotein that brings cholesterol from the liver to the organs and tissues that need it, but the excess stays in the blood stream

A

low-density lipoproteins

31
Q

A type of lipoprotein that moves unused cholesterol to the liver

A

high-density lipoproteins

32
Q

What is the recommended blood cholesterol level

A

<5.0 mmol/L

33
Q

cells that line the inside of arteries and help regulate blood flow, but become constricted with excess weight

A

endothelial cells

34
Q

what occurs when chronically elevated pressures in the heart that can lead to heart failure?

A

ventricular hypertrophy

35
Q

What are some risks associated with diabetes?

A

hypertension, obesity, high blood lipid levels, platelets and blood coagulation and dying younger

36
Q

What is most likely to cause diabetes?

A

gaining excess weight or obesity

37
Q

A type of blood fat that is associated with high cholesterol, obesity, diabetes, smoking, alcohol, and high carbohydrate diets. It is also linked to heart disease in high levels.

A

high triglyceride

38
Q

When the body becomes less sensitive to the effect of insulin leading to rises in blood glucose levels.

A

insulin resistance

39
Q

When a single person has three of five characteristics that increase risks of heart disease.

A

metabolic syndrome

40
Q

What occurs when an artery is injured by smoking, cholesterol, hypertension or other factors

A

inflammation

41
Q

Why is inflammation dangerous?

A

high levels of C-reactive protein that is released in the inflammatory response can increase risk of a cardiovascular disease.

42
Q

what are the psychological factors that lead to cardiovascular disease?

A

stress, chronic hostility, suppressing negative emotions, depression, anxiety, social isolation, low SES

43
Q

What are the unavoidable risks of CVD?

A

Genetics, Aging, Gender, Ethnicity, Geography

44
Q

The thickening and hardening of the arteries due to deposits of fat, cholesterol, and other substances. This causes the arteries to be damaged, starting the inflammation response. Eventually causing a blockage due to all the plaque.

A

Atherosclerosis

45
Q

The build up of lipids on the walls of blood vessels

A

plaque

46
Q

A type of atherosclerosis that occurs in the coronary parties that supply the heart with blood that eventually causes a heart attack.

A

coronary heart disease

47
Q

When does atherosclerosis begin?

A

in childhood from trauma

48
Q

When the heart muscle is damaged or dies from a lack of blood

A

heart attack

49
Q

Who is most likely to not have chest pain in a heart attack?

A

women, ethnic minorities, older adults, and people with diabetes

50
Q

The rate of people having heart attacks is ___

A

decreasing

51
Q

The chest pain that occurs when the body cannot supply enough oxygen into certain areas due to narrow arteries

A

angina pectoris

52
Q

What can angina pectoris indicate?

A

that the heart is working too hard

53
Q

when the electrical conduction system in the heart is disrupted leading to an irregular heart beat

A

arrhythmia

54
Q

when an arrhythmia cal ventricular fibrillation causes the heart to quiver and be unable to pump blood

A

sudden cardiac death

55
Q

when an electrical shock is delivered to the heart to restore it’s rhythm

A

electrical defibrillation

56
Q

When a small piece of tube is inserted into an artery up into the coronary arteries and injects a special dye. the dy can be seen moving through the body by a x-ray

A

coronary angiogram

57
Q

placing a small wire in the artery and inflating a ballon over a narrowed passage to push the plaque against the walls of the artery and increase the passage

A

ballon angioplasty

58
Q

When a metal tube is placed in an artery that is repeatedly clogged

A

stenting

59
Q

when a healthy blood vessel is moved from one part of the body to replace an unhealthy one near the heart.

A

coronary bypass surgery

60
Q

when blood to the brain is cut off causing cells to die

A

stroke

61
Q

a stroke caused by a blockage in a blood vessel

A

ischemic stroke

62
Q

A stroke caused by a blockage in the cerebral artery

A

thrombotic stroke

63
Q

a stroke caused by a blood clot that wanders to the cerebral artery

A

embolic stroke

64
Q

when a blood vessel in the brain bursts and spills into surrounding tissue

A

hemorrahagic stroke

65
Q

when the rupture of a blood vessel occurs deep in the brain

A

intracerebral hemorrhage

66
Q

when the rupture of a blood vessel occurs on the surface of the brain

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

67
Q

when a hemorrhage is caused by a head injuries

A

aneurysm

68
Q

What is the consequences of a stroke?

A

decrease in nerve sensation and function like, memory loss, paralysis, walking disability, and changes in behaviour

69
Q

A small stroke that occurs without the person knowing that can predict a larger one

A

transient ischemic attack

70
Q

What treatments are available for stroke?

A

physical therapy, blood pressure medication, clot dissolving medications,

71
Q

atherosclerosis in the leg or arm arteries

A

peripheral arterial disease

72
Q

when the heart cannot maintain adequate pumping rate and force, so fluid backs up in the legs, ankles and lungs.

A

congestive heart failure

73
Q

Heart defects in newborns like holes in the heart chambers

A

congenital heart defects

74
Q
A

BPK 140 (9 decks)

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