chapter 9 Flashcards
what is wellbeing and what is a high level of mental wellbeing?
-The mental health and wellbeing of an individual falls on a spectrum, or continuum, from
high to low
-. Each person is at a unique point on the spectrum, or continuum,
and this will change throughout their life, depending on the experiences they have and their
resilience
DEFINITION OF:
mental health and wellbeing
+resilience
MENTAL HEALTH AND WELLBEING: a beneficial
emotional state in which a person realises their abilities, copes with the normal stresses of life, works productively and contributes to their community.
RESILIENCE: their ability to recover from adversity
mental health and wellbeing continuum
HIGH (mentally healthy)
[
MODERATE (mental health problem)
[
LOW (mental disorder)
MENTALLY HEALTHY
-the state of not having difficulty with everyday activities and displaying resilience.
-At the mentally healthy point on the continuum, or high level of mental wellbeing, a person has no mental impairment.
-however, this state is more then an absense of illness or disease
people who have a high level of mental wellbeing have a range of characteristics, including:
- a high level of functioning
- social and emotional wellbeing
- resilience to life stressors
mentally healthy people also:
- have a high level of functioning
- manage their feelings and emotions (high level of emotional wellbeing)
- can form positive relationships with others (high level of social wellbeing)
- cope with the normal stresses that arise every day
- think logically and problem solve
- have reasonable levels of confidence in their abilities and self-esteem.
HIGH LEVEL OF FUNCTIONING
-the ability to carry out a wide range of daily activities, attend to selfcare, maintain interpersonal relationships and demonstrate resilience in the face of everyday challenges.
high level of functioning (WHO)
-the World Health Organization (WHO) has developed and modified a scale over many years that can assess a person’s level of functioning.
-the scale is based on 6 major domains
-The assessment is a 36-item questionnaire designed to measure the level of functioning in adults aged 18 years and over.
-THE QUESTIONS USE THE FOLLOWING SCORING SYSTEM:
0=nodifficulty
1=mild difficulty
2=moderate difficulty
3=severe difficulty
4= extreme difficulty or cannot do
the domains that form part of the WHO disability assessment schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) are:
- cognition – understanding and communicating
- mobility – moving and getting around
- self-care – hygiene, dressing, eating and staying alone
- getting along – interacting with other people
- life activities – domestic responsibilities, leisure, work and school
- participation – joining in community activities.
WHODAS 2.0
-The WHODAS 2.0 is one method that can be used to assess whether or not a person has a high level of functioning.
-From such assessments, we can surmise that a mentally healthy person will typically demonstrate high levels of functioning in most areas of life, which may include:
* activities of daily living (self-care and personal hygiene)
* work or occupational settings (productive and achieving targets)
* school settings (participating and getting along with others)
* within interpersonal relationships (developing and maintaining friendships and relationships)
high level of functioning P2
- a person with a high level of mental wellbeing can typically maintain their high level of functioning when they encounter everyday challenges.
-Therefore, they are often referred to as adaptive or resilient because these everyday challenges do not significantly impair their functioning.
SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL WELLBEING
WELLBEING: a complex
combination of a person’s physical, social, emotional, mental and spiritual health that is linked to happiness and life satisfaction.
-wellness is often considered to be a holistic concept that is difficult to break into separate
areas because there is interplay between the different domains.
-mentally healthy people typically display traits associated with social and emotional wellbeing.
SOCIAL WELLBEING
-relates to the connections you make with other people and your ability to get along with people in a community
-can relate to your ability to form
meaningful relationships with
friends, family, co-workers and
intimate partner
examples of high levels of social wellbeing are:
- developing positive relationships with family and friends
- respecting and interacting
appropriately with people from
different ethnic and cultural
backgrounds - being able to work as part of a team, such as at work or in a sports team
- contributing to society in some way such as through a volunteer organisation.
EMOTIONAL WELLBEING
-relates to the ability to feel a range of emotions and express them in a positive way
-Everyone experiences different emotions from time to time, and it is the ability to manage these emotions and share them in an appropriate way that is the measure of good emotional wellbeing.
examples of high levels of emotional wellbeing are:
- expressing a range of emotions relevant to the context
- controlling different emotions and responding to them in a positive manner
- acting in a positive manner and having a positive outlook
- identifying emotions in others and responding appropriately
- responding with appropriate emotions to setbacks.
RESILIENCE TO LIFE STRESSORS
-Resilience is the ability to respond or ‘bounce back’ to previous normal functioning when faced with adversity.
-Even people with high levels of mental wellbeing experience challenges that may cause grief,
anger and despair; however, it is the capacity to adapt to or overcome stressful circumstances and continue with day-to-day life that demonstrates resilience.
some stresors that might require resilience are:
-relationship breakdowns
-experiencing a natural
disaster and losing a home
-the death of a loved one
-work challenges
-failing a test or assessment
life stressor
-an everyday or conceivable event, such as a relationship breakdown, work challenge or failing a test
-A person who is mentally healthy may encounter a life stressor and feel equipped to cope with it, demonstrating resilience.
-someone who is not mentally healthy may not feel that they can deal with such a stressor
the resources required to cope with stressors and promote resilience, include:
-strong social support, high levels of self-efficacy, being able to problem solve, and being able to make plans and carry them out.
the impact of a life stressor on mental wellbeing depends on one’s resilience.
Many of these factors can be learned and developed, so you can work to improve your level of resilience.
MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS
-a relatively shortterm disruption that impacts on a person’s everyday functioning
-in the middle of the mental health continuum
-This is typically recognised by the disruption that it causes to everyday functioning.
-These problems typically do not last as long as mental disorders and may result in mild and temporary impairment.
-When a person is experiencing a mental health problem, there is often some disruption to their usual level of social and emotional wellbeing (may be due to a range of reasons, including relationship stressors or
work stressors)
-Mental health problems can be considered as natural responses to negative events in life that most people experience at some
stage.
Characteristics that indicate that
someone may be experiencing a mental health problem include:
- increased or decreased sleep
and appetite - loss of energy and motivation
- difficulty concentrating
- difficulty focusing/completing work or study tasks
- irritability
- becoming withdrawn.
MENTAL DISORDERS
-a condition that affects mood, thinking and behaviour and is typically long lasting (typically diagnosed using set critera)
-approx. 20% of Australians will experience a mental disorder in any given 12-month period
- Mental disorders include conditions such as major depression and schizophrenia, and often lead to a person experiencing the three D’s: distress, dysfunction and deviance.
in mental disorder:
- distress typically refers to the unpleasant experience of the person with the disorder or
their family and friends, such as unpleasant or upsetting emotions like sadness, anxiety or feeling overwhelmed - dysfunction refers to the impact the condition has on the person’s ability to complete daily activities and cope with everyday life, such as attending work or school, and participating in events with family and friends
- deviance relates to thoughts and behaviours that are inconsistent with the person’s culture or society, including actions such as speaking out of turn, lashing out at others and socially withdrawing.
characteristics that indicate someone may be experiencing a mental disorder include:
- reduced levels of day-to-day functioning
- reduced ability to cope with and manage change and uncertainty
- impaired ability to engage in social relationships
- significant changes in thoughts, feelings and behaviours or a lack of interest (apathy)
- serious or prolonged changes in typical character
- impaired ability to function independently, such as taking care of onself at home
Characteristics of mental wellbeing across the continuum
MENTALLY HEALTHY
- High level of functioning
- Form positive relationships
with others (high level of social
wellbeing) - Manage feelings and emotions
(high level of emotional
wellbeing) - Cope with day-to-day stresses;
that is, cope with and manage
change and uncertainty - Think logically and problem
solve - Have reasonable level of
confidence in their abilities and
self-esteem
Characteristics of mental wellbeing across the continuum
MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS
- Have increased or decreased
sleep and appetite - Experience loss of energy and
motivation - Have difficulty concentrating
- Have difficulty focusing/
completing work or study tasks - Experience irritability
- Become withdrawn
Characteristics of mental wellbeing across the continuum
MENTAL DISORDERS
- Have reduced level of day to-day functioning
- Have reduced ability to cope with and manage change and uncertainty
- Have impaired ability to engage in social relationships
- Experience significant changes in thoughts, feelings, behaviours or lack of interest (apathy)
- Think logically and problem solve
- Have reasonable level of confidence in their abilities and self-esteem
- Show serious or prolonged changes in typical character
- Have impaired ability to function independently, such as taking care of oneself at home
aborigional and torres strait islander people’s social & emotional wellbeing framework
A MODEL OF SOCIAL & EMOTIONAL WELLBEING FOR ABORIGIONAL AND TORRES STRAIT ISLANDER PEOPLE:
-Mental wellbeing is one element of their multidimensional and holistic view of social and emotional wellbeing (SEWB).
- the model suggests, at the centre is the individual, who is surrounded by a network of relationships between individuals, family, kin and community.
-It also recognises the importance of connection to land, culture, spirituality and ancestry, and how these affect the individual.
-a model for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples SEWB with seven overlapping domains: body, mind and emotions, family and kinship, community, culture, Country, and spirituality and ancestors.
-The seven SEWB domains are sources of wellbeing and connection that support a strong and positive identity.
SEWB MODEL
the social and emotional wellbeing domains:
-connection to body
DESCRIPTION:Physical health – feeling strong and healthy and able to physically participate as fully as possible in life.
E.G’S OF RISK FACTORS: Chronic and communicable diseases, Poor diet, Smoking
E.G’S OF PROTECTIVE FACTORS: Access to good healthy food, Exercise, Access to culturally safe,
culturally competent and effective health services and professionals
SEWB MODEL
the social and emotional wellbeing domains:
-connection to mind and emotions
DESCRIPTION: Mental health – ability to manage thoughts and feelings.
E.G’S OF RISK FACTORS: Developmental/ cognitive
impairments and disability, Racism, Mental illness, Unemployment, Trauma including childhood trauma
E.G’S OF PROTECTIVE FACTORS: Education, Agency: assertiveness, confidence and control over
life, Strong identity
SEWB MODEL
the social and emotional wellbeing domains:
-connection to family and kinship
DESCRIPTION: Connections to family and kinship systems are central to the functioning of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander societies.
E.G’S OF RISK FACTORS: Absence of family members, Family violence, Child neglect and abuse, Children in out-of-home care
E.G’S OF PROTECTIVE FACTORS: Loving, stable accepting and supportive family, Adequate income, Culturally appropriate familyfocused programs and
services
SEWB MODEL
the social and emotional wellbeing domains:
-connection to community
DESCRIPTION: Community can take many forms. A connection
to community provides opportunities for individuals and families to connect with each other, support each other and
work together.
E.G’S OF RISK FACTORS: Family feuding, Lateral violence, Lack of local services, Isolation, Disengagement from
community, Lack of opportunities for employment in community
settings
E.G’S OF PROTECTIVE FACTORS: Support networks, Community controlled services, Self-governance
SEWB MODEL
the social and emotional wellbeing domains:
-connection to country
DESCRIPTION: Connection to Country helps underpin identity and a sense of belonging.
E.G’S OF RISK FACTORS: Restrictions on access to Country
E.G’S OF PROTECTIVE FACTORS: Time spent on Country
