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Chemistry > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are electron domains?

A

Regions where electrons are most likely to be found

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2
Q

How many electron domains does multiple bonds count as?

A

one

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3
Q

How do you determine the electron domain-geometry?

A

count the total number of bonding and nonbonding electron domains

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4
Q

What is the electron-domain geometry when there is 2 domains?

A

Linear

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5
Q

What is the electron-domain geometry when there is 3 domains?

A

Trigonal Planar

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6
Q

What is the electron-domain geometry when there is 4 domains?

A

Tetrahedral

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7
Q

What is the electron domain geometry when there is 5 domains?

A

Trigonal Bipyramidal

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8
Q

What is the electron domain geometry when there is 6 domains?

A

Octahedral

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9
Q

What is the first step in determining molecular shapes?

A

draw the lewis structure

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10
Q

What is the second step in determining molecular shape?

A

determine the electron-domain geometry

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11
Q

What is the third step in determining molecular shape?

A

Use the arrangement of the bonded atoms to determine the molecular geometry

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12
Q

How do you find molecular geometry?

A

counting only bonding electrons domains

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13
Q

What is the molecular geometry of a tetrahedral if there is two nonbonding pairs?

A

bent

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14
Q

When there is the same amount of bonding and nonbonding domains what is the molecular geometry?

A

there are the same

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15
Q

What is the molecular geometry of a tetrahedral if there is only one nonbonding pair?

A

Trigonal pyramidal,

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16
Q

Which is larger a bonding or a nonbonding pair?

A

nonbonding are larger

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17
Q

Which repulsions is larger bonding or a nonbonding pairs?

A

bonding repulsions

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18
Q

Which have larger electron domains single or multiple bonds?

A

multiple bonds

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19
Q

How to find the electron domain geometry when there is multiple atoms in the middle?

A

consider the geometry of each middle atom

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20
Q

Which elements can have more than four bonds?

A

period 3 and 6

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21
Q

What are the four molecular geometries for a trigonal bipyramidal?

A

Trigonal bipyramidal
* Seesaw
* T-shaped
- Linear

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22
Q

What is the molecular geometry for a trigonal bipyramidal when there is one nonbonding pair?

A

seesaw

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23
Q

what is the molecular geometry for a trigonal bipyramidal when there is two nonbonding pairs?

A

T-Shaped

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24
Q

What is the molecular geometry for a trigonal bipyramidal when there is a three nonbonding pairs?

A

Linear

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25
Q

What are the three molecular geometries for a Octahederal electron domain?

A
  • Octahedral
  • Square pyramidal
  • Square planar
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26
Q

What is the molecular geometry for a octahederal when there is one nonbonding pairs?

A

square pyramdial

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27
Q

what is the molecular geometry for a octahederal when there is two nonbonding pairs?

A

square planar

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28
Q

When is a dipole polar?

A

bond dipoles are not symmetrical

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29
Q

When is a dipole nonpolar?

A

bond dipoles cancel/equal or arranged symmetrical around the center

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30
Q

How do you assign a dipole moment?

A

based on the electronegativity

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31
Q

How do you determine the direction of the dipole moment?

A

towards the most electronegative

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32
Q

What is valence electron bond theory?

A

electrons of two atoms occupy the same space

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33
Q

How are hybrid orbitals formed?

A

“mixing” valence-bond theory atomic
orbitals to create new orbitals of equal energy

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34
Q

What are hybrid orbitals called?

A

degenerate orbitals

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35
Q

What is the process of mixing valence bond theory atomic orbitals called?

A

hybridization

36
Q

What is the hybridization of a linear shaped molecule?

A

sp

37
Q

What is the hybridization of a trigonal planar shaped molecule?

A

sp2

38
Q

What is the hybridization of a tetrahederal shaped molecule?

A

sp3

39
Q

When AB2 is Linear is it nonpolar or polar?

A

Nonpolar

40
Q

When AB2 is bent is nonpolar or polar?

A

Polar

41
Q

When AB3 is Trigonal planar nonpolar or polar?

A

Nonpolar

42
Q

When AB3 is Trigonal pyramidal or T-shaped is it polar or nonpolar?

A

Polar

43
Q

When AB4 is Tetrahedral or square planar polar or nonpolar?

A

nonpolar

44
Q

When AB4 is seesaw- shaped polar or nonpolar?

A

Polar

45
Q

When AB5 is trigonal bipyramidal is it nonpolar or polar?

A

Nonpolar

46
Q

When AB5 is square pyramidal is it nonpolar or polar?

A

Polar

47
Q

When AB6 is octahedral is polar or nonpolar?

A

Nonpolar

48
Q

What is a pi bond?

A

the overlap regions lie above and below the internuclear axis.

49
Q

Which bond is stronger a pi bond or a sigma bond?

A

sigmabond

50
Q

What is sigma bond?

A

the line joining the two nuclei passes through the middle of the overlap region

51
Q

When two s orbitals overlap in a H2 molecule is it a sigma bond or a pi bond?

A

Sigma bond

52
Q

When there is an overlap in the H s orbital and a Cl p orbital in HCl is it a sigma or pi bond?

A

sigma bond

53
Q

When there is an overlap of two p orbitals one from each Cl in Cl2 is it a sigma or pi bond?

A

sigma bond

54
Q

When there is an overlap of an F p orbital and a Be sp hybrid orbital in BeF2 is it a pi bond or sigma bond?

A

sigma bond

55
Q

When there is an overlap of a H s orbital and a N sp3 hybrid orbital in NH3 is it sigma bond or a pi bond?

A

sigma bond

56
Q

Is a single bond a sigma bond or a pi bond?

A

sigma bond

57
Q

Is a double bond a sigma or pi bond?

A

one sigma and one pi bond

58
Q

what are delocalized electrons?

A

electrons that are spread over a number of atoms in a molecule

59
Q

What is a molecular-orbital theory?

A

A theory that accounts for the allowed states for electrons in molecules by using specific wave functions

60
Q

What is a bonding molecular orbital?

A

a molecular orbital in which the electron density is concentrated int eh internuclear region.

61
Q

How is the second MO formed?

A

Destructive combination

62
Q

What is destructive combination?

A

combining the two atomic orbitals in a way that causes the electron density to be canceled in the central region where the two overlap

63
Q

What is antibonding molecular orbital?

A

a molecular orbital in which electron density is concentrated outside the region between the two nuclei of bonded atoms

64
Q

What is a nodal plane?

A

a plane where the electron density in an atom or a molecule is zero

65
Q

What is a energy-level diagram?

A

A diagram that shows the energies of molecular orbitals relative to the atomic orbitals

66
Q

What is a bond order?

A

half the difference between the number of bonding electrons and the number of anti-bonding electrons

67
Q

How do you find bond order?

A

1/2(number of bonding electrons-number of anti-bonding electrons)

68
Q

When there is a Resonance structure does it have localized or delocalized electrons?

A

delocalized pi bonds number of resonance strucutre.

68
Q

What does the number of MOs formed equal in period 2 atoms?

A

number of atomic orbitals

69
Q

What can each MO accommodate?

A

at most two electrons with their spins paried

70
Q

What is two atomic orbitals proportional to?

A

their overlap

71
Q

What happens when MOs of the same energy are populated?

A

one electron enters each orbital before spin pairing

72
Q

What is a pi molecular orbitals?

A

overlap sideways an thus concentrate electron density above and below internuclear axis

73
Q

What is paramagnetism?

A

a property that substance possesses if it contains one or more unpaired electrons

74
Q

What is a diamagnetism?

A

a type of magnetism that causes a substance with no unpaired electrons

75
Q

What is the bond angle for NH3?

A

107

76
Q

What is the bond angle for H2O(bent)?

A

104.5

77
Q

What is the bond angle for the H-C- bond in CH3CN?(Tetrahedral)

A

109.5

78
Q

What is the bond angle for the C-C(—)N bond in CH3CN(Linear)?

A

180

79
Q

When is a molecule planar?

A

When all atoms are in the same plane

80
Q

When bond length decrease what does the energy do?

A

increase

81
Q

When bond order increases what does bond length due?

A

decreases

82
Q

When bond order increases what does stability due?

A

increase

83
Q

How do you find bond order?

A

Number of electrons bonded-Number of electrons nonbonded/2

84
Q

When the bond order is zero does the molecule exist?

A

No

Chemistry (13 decks)

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