Chapter 8

Question 1

What is the octet rule?

Answer 1

atoms tend to gain, lose or share electrons untill they are surrounded by 8 valence electrons

Question 2

What does ionic compounds consist of?

Answer 2

a metal and a nonmetal

Question 3

In ionic compounds are they sharing or transfering electrons?

Answer 3

transfer

Question 4

Why are ionic compounds generally stable?

Answer 4

the electrostatic attraction between ions of opposite charge

Question 5

Why does ionic compounds from a crystalline solid?

Answer 5

the attraction draws the ions together, releasing energy

Question 6

What is lattice energy?

Answer 6

the energy required to completely seperate one molf of a solid ionic comound into its gaseous ions

Question 7

What does the lattice energy reaction look like?
Ex:NaCl(s)

Answer 7

S –> +(g) + -(g) ∆Hlattice energy= +__kJ/mol

Ex: NaCl(s) —> Na+(g) + Cl-(g) ∆HLattice=+ 788 kJ/mol

Question 8

What does lattice energy depend on?

Answer 8

the charge and the distance

Question 9

As charge increases what happens to the lattice energy?

Answer 9

lattice energy increases

Question 10

As you go across the period what does lattice energy do?

Answer 10

increases

Question 11

As distance increases what happens to the lattice energy?

Answer 11

decreases

Question 12

As we go down a group what does lattice energy do?

Answer 12

decreases

Question 13

Can group 1A atoms be a 2+ ion?

Answer 13

No

Question 14

What groups can only be an ion that has its same normal charge?

Answer 14

1A,2A,3A,5A,6A,7A

Question 15

What are covalent bonds usually made up of?

Answer 15

nonmetals and nonmetals

Question 16

What is bond polarity?

Answer 16

a measure of the degree to which the electrons are shared unequally between two atoms in a chemical bond

Question 17

What is a nonpolar covalent bond?

Answer 17

a covalent bond in which the electrons are shared equally

Question 18

What is a polar covalent bond?

Answer 18

a covalent bond in which the electrons are not shared equally

Question 19

What is electronegativity?

Answer 19

the ability of an atom in a molecule to attract electrons to itself

Question 20

What does electronegativty do as you go across the period?

Answer 20

increases

Question 21

What does electronegativty do as you go down a column?

Answer 21

decreases

Question 22

What is the most electronegative atom?

Answer 22

F

Question 23

What does the electrongeativty difference need to be in order to nonpolar covlanet?

Answer 23

0-0.4

Question 24

What does the electronegativty need to be in order for it to be polar covalent?

Answer 24

0.5-1.9

Question 25

What does the elctronegativty need to be in order to be ionic?

Answer 25

2.0-and greater

Question 26

Which element gets the partial negative charge?

Answer 26

the most electronegative

Question 27

Which way does the dipole moment point to?

Answer 27

the one with the partial negative or the one that is more electronegative

Question 28

What is the equation to find dipole moment?

Answer 28

dipole moment=Qr(Q is charge and r is distance)

Question 29

How to find formal charge?

Answer 29

of valence electrons - bonds(1/2)

Question 30

which element in a compound should get the formal charge?

Answer 30

the most electronegative

Question 31

What is the dominat lewis strucure?

Answer 31

the one that has the most zero formal charges and if there is a formal charge its on the most electronegative

Question 32

What is a reounce strusture?

Answer 32

the same compound drawed a different way

Question 33

As number of bond increases what happens to the bond length?

Answer 33

decreases

Question 34

When you have renouance strucutres how do you find the longest bond lenght?

Answer 34

find the average so if there is two single bonds and one double bond you do 4/3?

Question 35

What is the first exception to the octet rule?

Answer 35

molecules and polyatomic ions containg odd number of electrons

Question 36

What is the second exception to the octet rule?

Answer 36

molecules and polyatomic ions in which an atom has fewer than an octet of valenece electrons

Question 37

What is the third exception to the octet rule?

Answer 37

molecules and polyatomic ions in which an atom has more than an octet of valence electrons

Question 38

What period can have more than electrons than eight?

Answer 38

from period 3 and below

Question 39

What type of bond is stronger?

Answer 39

triple bond is the strongest bond