Chapter 1 Flashcards
What is a molecule
two or more atoms are joined in specific shapes.
What is the volume like of a gas?
a gas can be compressed to occupy a smaller volume or it can expand to occupy a larger one
What is the shape of gas like?
uniformly fills its container
What is the shape like of a liquid?
the shape of the portion of the container it occupies
What is the volume like in a liquid?
a distinct volume independent of its containter
What is the shape and volume of a solid like?
definite shape and definite volume
What does compressing gas do to the space of a gas?
decreases the amount of space between molecules and increases the frequency of collisions does not alter the size or shape of the molecule
what is a pure substance
matter that has distinct properties and a composition that does not vary
what is an example of a pure substance?
water and table salt
Law of constant composition
the elemental composition of a compound is always the same
what are pure compounds?
same composition and properties under the same conditions
When mixtures dont have the same composition what are they?
heterogeneous
When mixtures are unifrom throughout what are they?
homogeneous
What is another name for homogeneous mixtures?
solutions
what is the first step in classifying matter?
is it uniform throughout
If the matter is uniform throughout what is it?
homogenous
If the matter is no uniform throughout what is it?
heterogenous mixture
If the matter is homogeneous, if it does have a variable composition what is it?
homogenous mixture(solution)
If the matter is homogenous and is not a variable composition
What is it?
Pure substance
If matter is homogenous, doesnt have a varibale composition, and a pure substance, and it contains more than on kind of atom
What is it?
A compound
If matter is homogenous, doesnt have a varibale composition, and a pure substance, and it doesnt contains more than on kind of atom
What is it?
element
what are physical properties?
observed without changing the identity and composition of the substance
What are examples of physical properties?
color, odor, density, melting point, boiling point, and hardness
what are chemical properties?
describe the way a substance may change, or react, to form other substances
What is a common chemical property?
flammability
What are intensive properties?
a property that does not depend on the amount of sample being examined
What is an example of intensive property?
density
What are extensive properties?
depends on the amount of sample considered
what are examples of extensive properties?
mass or volume
What are physical changes?
substance changes its physical appearance but not its composition:
What is an example of a physical change?
the evaporation of water
Are changes of states a physical or chemical change?
physical change
What is a chemical change?
a substance is transformed into a chemically different substance
What is an example of a chemical change?
hydrogen burns in air
What is distillation?
a process that depends on the different abilities of substances to form gases
What do you use distillation for?
separating the components of a homogenous mixture
What is chromatography?
the differing abilities of substances to adhere to the surfaces of solids
What can you use chromatography for?
separate mixtures
what is work?
the energy transferred when a force exerted on an object casues a displacement of that object
what is heat?
the energy transferred to cause the temp of an object to increase
what is the work equation?
w=F x d
What is force?
any push or pull exerted on the object
what are the two forms of energy?
kinetic energy and potential energy
what is kinetic energy?
the energy of motion
What is the equation to find kinetic energy?
Ek=1/2mv^2
What does kinetic energy do as velocity increases?
increases
What does kinetic energy do as mass increases?
increases
What is potential energy?
energy that an object possesses as a result of its position with respect to another object
When gravitational potential energy decreases what does kinetic energy do?
increases
what is electrostatic potential energy
arisies from the interactions between charged particles
what does electrostatic potential energy do as the charges increase?
increases
what does electrostatic potential energy do as the distance between charges increases?
increase
What is Kilo or k meaning?
10^3
What is deci or d meaning?
10^-1
what is centi or c meaning?
10^-2
What is mili or m meaning?
10^-3
What is micro meaning?
10^-6
what is nano meaning?
10^-9
How to K from Celsisus?
K= C+ 273.15
How to find Celsisu from Fraheint?
C=5/9(F-32)
How to find Farheint from Celsisu?
9/5(C)+32
What does 1cm^3 equal?
1mL
What does density equal?
Density= mass/ volume
what is the units for density?
gm/cm3 or g/mL
What is the units of energy?
Joules or 1 kg-m^2/s^2
What does 1 cal equal?
4.184J
what are exact numbers?
values are known exactly
What are inexact numbers?
values have some uncertainty
What is an example of an exact number?
1000g in a kilogram
What is another way to find a exact number?
counting objects
Are measurement inexact or exact numbers?
inexact
What is precision?
how closely individual measruments agree with one another
what is accuracy?
how closley individual measurments agree with the correct or true value
Are zeros between nonzero digits significant or not signifcant?
always signficant( example 1005 has 4 sig figs)
Are zeros at the beginning of a number sig or not sig?
never(ex 0.02 has 1 sig fig)
Zeros at the end of a number is the number conains a decimal point sig or not sig?
sig(ex: 0.0200g has 3 sig fig)
How to detemine sig figs when adding and subtracting?
the result has the same number of decimal places as the measurement with the fewest decimal places
How to find sig figs for multiplaction and division?
the result contains the same number of sig figs as the measurment with the fewest sig figs
how many cm are in a in?
2.54 cm= 1in
how to go from m to cm?
1cm/ 10^-2m
how to convert m to km?
1km/10^3 m
how to convert km to mi?
1 mi/ 1.6093km
how to convert in^3 to cm^3
use 2.54cm/1in then cube it
How to convert mL to L?
1L/ 1000mL
