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Chemistry > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a molecule

A

two or more atoms are joined in specific shapes.

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2
Q

What is the volume like of a gas?

A

a gas can be compressed to occupy a smaller volume or it can expand to occupy a larger one

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3
Q

What is the shape of gas like?

A

uniformly fills its container

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4
Q

What is the shape like of a liquid?

A

the shape of the portion of the container it occupies

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5
Q

What is the volume like in a liquid?

A

a distinct volume independent of its containter

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6
Q

What is the shape and volume of a solid like?

A

definite shape and definite volume

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7
Q

What does compressing gas do to the space of a gas?

A

decreases the amount of space between molecules and increases the frequency of collisions does not alter the size or shape of the molecule

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8
Q

what is a pure substance

A

matter that has distinct properties and a composition that does not vary

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9
Q

what is an example of a pure substance?

A

water and table salt

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10
Q

Law of constant composition

A

the elemental composition of a compound is always the same

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11
Q

what are pure compounds?

A

same composition and properties under the same conditions

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12
Q

When mixtures dont have the same composition what are they?

A

heterogeneous

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13
Q

When mixtures are unifrom throughout what are they?

A

homogeneous

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14
Q

What is another name for homogeneous mixtures?

A

solutions

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15
Q

what is the first step in classifying matter?

A

is it uniform throughout

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16
Q

If the matter is uniform throughout what is it?

A

homogenous

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17
Q

If the matter is no uniform throughout what is it?

A

heterogenous mixture

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18
Q

If the matter is homogeneous, if it does have a variable composition what is it?

A

homogenous mixture(solution)

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19
Q

If the matter is homogenous and is not a variable composition
What is it?

A

Pure substance

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20
Q

If matter is homogenous, doesnt have a varibale composition, and a pure substance, and it contains more than on kind of atom
What is it?

A

A compound

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21
Q

If matter is homogenous, doesnt have a varibale composition, and a pure substance, and it doesnt contains more than on kind of atom
What is it?

A

element

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22
Q

what are physical properties?

A

observed without changing the identity and composition of the substance

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23
Q

What are examples of physical properties?

A

color, odor, density, melting point, boiling point, and hardness

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24
Q

what are chemical properties?

A

describe the way a substance may change, or react, to form other substances

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25
Q

What is a common chemical property?

A

flammability

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26
Q

What are intensive properties?

A

a property that does not depend on the amount of sample being examined

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27
Q

What is an example of intensive property?

A

density

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28
Q

What are extensive properties?

A

depends on the amount of sample considered

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29
Q

what are examples of extensive properties?

A

mass or volume

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30
Q

What are physical changes?

A

substance changes its physical appearance but not its composition:

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31
Q

What is an example of a physical change?

A

the evaporation of water

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32
Q

Are changes of states a physical or chemical change?

A

physical change

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33
Q

What is a chemical change?

A

a substance is transformed into a chemically different substance

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34
Q

What is an example of a chemical change?

A

hydrogen burns in air

35
Q

What is distillation?

A

a process that depends on the different abilities of substances to form gases

36
Q

What do you use distillation for?

A

separating the components of a homogenous mixture

37
Q

What is chromatography?

A

the differing abilities of substances to adhere to the surfaces of solids

38
Q

What can you use chromatography for?

A

separate mixtures

39
Q

what is work?

A

the energy transferred when a force exerted on an object casues a displacement of that object

40
Q

what is heat?

A

the energy transferred to cause the temp of an object to increase

41
Q

what is the work equation?

A

w=F x d

42
Q

What is force?

A

any push or pull exerted on the object

43
Q

what are the two forms of energy?

A

kinetic energy and potential energy

44
Q

what is kinetic energy?

A

the energy of motion

45
Q

What is the equation to find kinetic energy?

A

Ek=1/2mv^2

46
Q

What does kinetic energy do as velocity increases?

A

increases

47
Q

What does kinetic energy do as mass increases?

A

increases

48
Q

What is potential energy?

A

energy that an object possesses as a result of its position with respect to another object

49
Q

When gravitational potential energy decreases what does kinetic energy do?

A

increases

50
Q

what is electrostatic potential energy

A

arisies from the interactions between charged particles

51
Q

what does electrostatic potential energy do as the charges increase?

A

increases

52
Q

what does electrostatic potential energy do as the distance between charges increases?

A

increase

53
Q

What is Kilo or k meaning?

A

10^3

54
Q

What is deci or d meaning?

A

10^-1

55
Q

what is centi or c meaning?

A

10^-2

56
Q

What is mili or m meaning?

A

10^-3

57
Q

What is micro meaning?

A

10^-6

58
Q

what is nano meaning?

A

10^-9

59
Q

How to K from Celsisus?

A

K= C+ 273.15

60
Q

How to find Celsisu from Fraheint?

A

C=5/9(F-32)

61
Q

How to find Farheint from Celsisu?

A

9/5(C)+32

62
Q

What does 1cm^3 equal?

A

1mL

63
Q

What does density equal?

A

Density= mass/ volume

64
Q

what is the units for density?

A

gm/cm3 or g/mL

65
Q

What is the units of energy?

A

Joules or 1 kg-m^2/s^2

66
Q

What does 1 cal equal?

A

4.184J

67
Q

what are exact numbers?

A

values are known exactly

68
Q

What are inexact numbers?

A

values have some uncertainty

69
Q

What is an example of an exact number?

A

1000g in a kilogram

70
Q

What is another way to find a exact number?

A

counting objects

71
Q

Are measurement inexact or exact numbers?

A

inexact

72
Q

What is precision?

A

how closely individual measruments agree with one another

73
Q

what is accuracy?

A

how closley individual measurments agree with the correct or true value

74
Q

Are zeros between nonzero digits significant or not signifcant?

A

always signficant( example 1005 has 4 sig figs)

75
Q

Are zeros at the beginning of a number sig or not sig?

A

never(ex 0.02 has 1 sig fig)

76
Q

Zeros at the end of a number is the number conains a decimal point sig or not sig?

A

sig(ex: 0.0200g has 3 sig fig)

77
Q

How to detemine sig figs when adding and subtracting?

A

the result has the same number of decimal places as the measurement with the fewest decimal places

78
Q

How to find sig figs for multiplaction and division?

A

the result contains the same number of sig figs as the measurment with the fewest sig figs

79
Q

how many cm are in a in?

A

2.54 cm= 1in

80
Q

how to go from m to cm?

A

1cm/ 10^-2m

81
Q

how to convert m to km?

A

1km/10^3 m

82
Q

how to convert km to mi?

A

1 mi/ 1.6093km

83
Q

how to convert in^3 to cm^3

A

use 2.54cm/1in then cube it

84
Q

How to convert mL to L?

A

1L/ 1000mL

Chemistry (13 decks)

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