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Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a solvent?

A

the dissolving medium of a solution, it is normally the componet of a solution present in the greater amount

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2
Q

What are solutes?

A

A substance dissolved ina. solvent to form a solution

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3
Q

What is an electrolyte?

A

A solute that produces ions in solution, an electrolytic solution conducts an electric current
Ex:NaCl

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4
Q

What is a nonelectrolyte?

A

a substance that does not ionize in water and consequently dissolves to form a nonconducting solution
Ex: C12H22O11

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5
Q

How does a ionic compound dissolve in water?

A

each ion separtes from the solid strucutre and dispereses throughought the solution

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6
Q

What is solvation?

A

the clustering of solvent molecules around a solute particle

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7
Q

What does solvation help do?

A

stabilize the ions in solution and prevents cations and anions from recombining

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8
Q

What are strong electrolytes?

A

A substance that is completlye ionized in solution
Ex: NaCl

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9
Q

What are usually strong electrolytes?

A

strong acids, strong bases, and most salts

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10
Q

What are weak electrolytes?

A

a substance that only partly ionizes in solution
Ex: Ch3COOH

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11
Q

How do you write the reaction of a weak eelctroltye?

A

compound double arrows one ion + another ion

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12
Q

What is chemical equilibrium?

A

a state od dynamic balance in which the rate of formation of the products of a reaction from the reactants equals the rate of formation of the reactants from the products

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13
Q

How do we write the equation of a strong electrolyte?

A

Compound single arrow ion + ion

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14
Q

what are precipitation reactions?

A

a reaction that occurs between substances in solutuon in which one of the products is insoluble

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15
Q

What is a percipitate?

A

an insoluble solid formed by a reaction in solution

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16
Q

What is solubility?

A

the amount of a substance that dissolves in a given quanity of solvent at a given temp to form a saturated solution

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17
Q

What is a metathesis reaction?

A

the first element in the first compound form with the second element of the second compound the secon element of the first compound form with the first element of the second compound.

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18
Q

What is the molecualr equation?

A

same as the chemical equation shows the compounds together

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19
Q

What is the complete ionic equation?

A

write out all of the ions for the aq compounds

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20
Q

What is the net ionic equation?

A

wriotu out all of the ions for the aq solutions and then cross out the specator ions

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21
Q

What are acids?

A

a substance that is able to donate a H+ ion and increase the concentration of H+ aq when it dissolves in water

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22
Q

What do they call acids?

A

proton donors

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23
Q

How do you name a acid by its protons?
Ex: H2SO4

A

by the number of H in it
diprotic acid

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24
Q

Is H2SO4 a strong or weak electrolyte?

A

strong electrolyte

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25
Q

What are bases?

A

substances that accept H+ ions

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26
Q

What do bases usually produce when dissolved?

A

OH- ions

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27
Q

Is ammonia(NH3) a base or acid?

A

base

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28
Q

Is NH3 a weak or strong electrolyte?

A

weak electrolyte

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29
Q

Is HF a weak or strong acid?

A

weak acid

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30
Q

Is HCl a strong or weak acid?

A

strong

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31
Q

Is HBr a strong or weak acid?

32
Q

Is HI a strong or weak acid

33
Q

Is HClO3 a strong or weak acid?

34
Q

Is HClO4 a strong or weak acid?

35
Q

Is HNO3 a strong or weak acid?

36
Q

Is H2SO4 a strong or weak acid?

37
Q

What groups of metals combined with OH makes a strong base?

A

Group 1A, 2A

38
Q

Are all ionic compounds strong or weak electroltyes?

39
Q

Are all molecular compounds strong or weak electroyltes?

A

Some are strong, weak or non

40
Q

What are strong molecular electroltyes?

A

strong acids

41
Q

What are weak moleuclar electroyltes?

A

weak acids, and weak bases

42
Q

What are nonelectrolytes?

A

all other compound that aren’t bases or acids

43
Q

What is a neutralization reaction?

A

a reaction between a base and acid it form water and some other solution

44
Q

In a neutralization reaction what solutions do you break apart into there ions?

A

the stronger electroltye

45
Q

What react with acids to form CO2(g)?

A

carbonates and bicarbonates

46
Q

What is a oxidation-reduction reaction?

A

a reaction in which electrons are transferred from one reactant to another and the oxidation states of these atoms change

47
Q

What are redox reactions?

A

a reaction in which certain atoms undergo changes in oxidation states.

48
Q

Which susbtance is oxidized?

A

increasing oxidation state

49
Q

Which substance is reduced?

A

decreasing oxidation state

50
Q

When it is oxidation do it lose or gain electrons?

A

loses electrons(becomes more postiviely charged)

51
Q

When it is reduced does it gain or lose electrons?

A

gains electrons(becomes more negatively charged

52
Q

When is the oxidation number 0?
Ex:oxidation # of H2

A

elemental form
Ex: 0

53
Q

What is the oxidation of monatomic ions?
Ex: S and K

A

equals the ionic charge
Ex: 2- and +1

54
Q

In ionic compounds what is the oxidation number of the alkali metal ions(group 1A)?

Ex: oxidation number of Na in NaCl

A

always have a +1
Na is +1

55
Q

In ionic compounds, what is the oxidation number of the alkaline earth metals(group 2A)?

Ex: oxidiation number of Mg in MgCl

A

always +2
Mg is +2

56
Q

In ionic compounds what is the oxidation number of the group 3A metals?

Ex: Al

57
Q

In both ionic and molecular compounds, What is the oxidation number of oxygen?

Ex: NO and MgO

A

-2
Ex: -2 and -2

58
Q

In both ionic and molecular compounds, what is the oxidation number of O2(peroxides)

59
Q

When bonded to nonmetals what is the oxidation number of Hydrogen

Ex:NaH

60
Q

When bonded to metals what is the oxidation number of Hydrogen?

61
Q

In all compounds, what is the oxidation number of fluorine?

62
Q

In binary compounds , what is the oxidation number of halogens?

63
Q

When halogens are boneded to oxygen what is the oxidation number?

64
Q

In a neutral compound,How do you find the sum of the oxidation numbers?

A

all atoms add up to 0

65
Q

In a polyatomic ion how do you find the sum of the oxidation numbers?

A

sum= charge of the ion

66
Q

What are displacement reactions?

A

a reaction in which an ion in solution is displaced through oxidation of an element

67
Q

What is the activity series?

A

a list of metals in order of deacreasing ease of oxidation

68
Q

When a metal is above another metal on the activity series can it react with it?

A

it must be above it

69
Q

What is molarity?

A

the concentration of a solution

70
Q

How to find molarity

A

mole of solute/ volume of solution in L

71
Q

How to find molar concentration in an eelctrotlye?

A

with the cocnetration you look at the chemical formula and how every many ions there is of one of the elements you times it by the Molarity

72
Q

How to find dilution?

A

M1 x V1= M2 x V2

73
Q

What is tritation?

A

the process of reacting a solution of unknown concentration with one of known concentration

74
Q

What is the standard solution?

A

a solution of known concentration

75
Q

What is the equivalence point?

A

the point in a titration at which the added solute reacts completely with the solute present in the solution

Chemistry (13 decks)

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