Chapter 9 Flashcards
Fermentation
-Catabolic process
Is a partial degradation of sugars or other organic fuel that occurs without the use of oxygen.
The relocation of electrons releases energy stored in organic molecules, and this energy ultimately is used to synthesize ATP.
True
Oxidation-reduction reactions (redox reactions)
Electron transfers during chemical reactions.
Oxidation
The loss of electrons from one substance.
Reduction
The addition of electrons to another substance.
Reducing agent
The electron donor.
Oxidizing agent
The electron acceptor.
An electron loses potential energy when it shifts from a less electronegative atom toward a more electronegative one.
True
Only the barrier of activation energy holds back the flood of electrons to a lower energy state.
True
NAD+
Electron carrier, coenzyme
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (a derivative of the vitamin niacin)
Reduced state of NAD+
NADH
Electron transfer from NADH to oxygen is an exergonic reaction.
True
Terminal electron acceptor
Has the greatest affinity for electrons in the ETC.
In summary, during cellular respiration, most electrons travel the following “downhill” route:
Glucose —> NADH —> ETC —> Oxygen
Glycolysis occurs in…
The cytosol
Oxidative phosphorylation
The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain.
-Is constituted by electron transport and chemiosmosis
In eukaryotic cells, ____________________ is the site of electron transport and chemiosmosis
the inner membrane of the mitochondrion
In prokaryotes, in the plasma membrane
Substrate-level phosphorylation
The enzyme-catalyzed formation of ATP by direct transfer of a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism.