Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Chloroplasts are found mainly in the cells of the ______

A

Meseophyll, the tissue in the interior of the leaf

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Stomata

A

Microscopic pores that regulate gas exchange
-CO2 in
-O2 out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Chlorophyll resides in…

A

The thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The direct product of photosynthesis is actually…

A

A three carbon sugar that can be used to make glucose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The O2 given off by plants is derived from H2O and not from CO2.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The light reactions are the steps of photosynthesis that convert solar energy to chemical energy.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

NADP+

A

Electron acceptor (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Photophosphorylation

A

Using chemiosmosis to power the addition of a phosphate group to ADP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Carbon fixation

A

The initial incorporation of carbon into organic compounds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Sites of light reactions

A

Thylakoids of the chloroplast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Site of Calvin cycle

A

Stroma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Wavelength

A

The distance between the crests of electromagnetic waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Electromagnetic spectrum

A

The entire range of radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Visible light

A

Segment in electromagnetic spectrum from about 380 nm to 750 nm in wavelength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pigments

A

Substances that absorb visible light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Spectrophotometer

A

Instrument used to measure the ability of a pigment to absorb various wavelengths of light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Absorption spectrum

A

Graph plotting a pigment’s light absorption vs wavelength

18
Q

Chlorophyll a

A

The key light capturing pigment that participates directly in the light reactions

19
Q

Chlorophyll b and carotenoids

A

Accessory pigments

20
Q

Carotenoids’ important function

A

Photoprotection: Dissipate excessive light energy that would otherwise damage the chlorophyll.

21
Q

As excited electrons fall back to the ground state, photons are given off, an afterglow called fluorescence.

22
Q

A photosystem is composed of…

A

A reaction-center complex surrounded by several light-harvesting complexes

23
Q

Reaction-center complex

A

Is an organized association of proteins holding a special pair of chlorophyll a molecules.

24
Q

Each light-harvesting complex consists of…

A

Various pigment molecules bound to proteins.

25
The reaction-center complex also contains a molecule capable of accepting electrons and becoming reduced; called the primary electron acceptor.
26
Linear electron flow occurs during the light reactions of photosynthesis.
True
27
The cyclic electron flow uses
Photosystem 1 but not photosystem 2 -Is photoprotective
28
Chloroplast and mitochondria generate ATP by the same basic mechanism:
Chemiosmosis
29
The Calvin cycle is anabolic.
True
30
Carbohydrate produced directly from the Calvin Cycle
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P)
31
Five-carbon sugar to which CO2 attaches to in the carbon fixation phase of the Calving cycle.
Ribulose biphosphate (RuBP)
32
The enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the Calvin Cycle
Ribulose biphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (rubisco) The most abundant protein in chloroplasts and on Earth.
33
For the net synthesis of one G3P molecule, the Calvin cycle consumes a total of _________ and ___________
Nine molecules of ATP Six molecules of NADPH
34
C3 plants
Their first organic product of carbon fixation is a three carbon compound, 3-phosphoglycerate
35
Photorespiration consumes _______ while producing _______
O2, CO2
36
Photorespiration drains away as much bad 50% of the carbon fixed by the Calvin cycle.
True
37
C4 plants
Plants that form a four-carbon compound as its first product. (Sugarcane and corn)
38
Bundle-sheath cells
Photosynthetic cells in C4 plants that are arranged into tightly packed sheaths around the veins of the leaf.
39
Enzyme present only in mesophyll cells
PEP carboxylase
40
CAM plants
Open their stomata during the night and close them during the day. -To conserve water. (Desert plants)
41
CAM stands for the mode of carbon fixation called
Crassulacean acid metabolism