Chapter 1

Question 1

Evolution

Answer 1

The process of change that has transformed life on Earth.
A process of biological change in which species accumulate differences from their ancestors as they adapt to different environments over time.

Question 2

Levels of biological organization

Answer 2

Biosphere, ecosystems, communities, populations, organisms, organ and organ systems, tissues, cells, organelles, atoms and molecules

Question 3

Emergent Properties

Answer 3

Result from the arrangement and interaction of parts within a system

Question 4

The Cell

Answer 4

Is the lowest level of organization that can perform all activities required for life.
- Are enclosed by a membrane
- Use DNA as their genetic information

Question 5

Eukaryotic Cell

Answer 5

Has membrane-enclosed organelles

Question 6

Prokaryotic Cell

Answer 6

Is simpler and usually smaller, does not contain a nucleus or other membrane-enclosed organelles.

Question 7

Chromosomes

Answer 7

Contain most of a cell’s genetic material in the form of DNA.

Question 8

DNA

Answer 8

Is the substance of genes
(Deoxyribonucleic acid)

Question 9

Genes

Answer 9

Are the units of inheritance that transmit information from parents to offspring.

Question 10

Basis of all reproduction, growth, and repair of multicellular organisms

Answer 10

The ability of cells to divide

Question 11

What do living things do?

Answer 11

Reproduction, response to environment, growth and development, energy processing, highly ordered structure, evolutionary adaptation, regulation of blood flow

Question 12

Prokaryotic Cells are found in:

Answer 12

Bacteria (bacterium) and archaea (archaean)

Question 13

Gene expression

Answer 13

Cells use information encoded in a gene to synthesize a functional protein.
The process by which the information in a gene directs the manufacture of a cellular product.

Question 14

Proteome

Answer 14

The entire set of proteins expressed by a given cell, tissue, or organism

Question 15

First and second part of species name

Answer 15

Name of the genus to which the species belongs.
The second part is unique to the species within the genus.

Question 16

3 Domains

Answer 16

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya

Question 17

Eukarya

Answer 17

Includes fours subgroups: kingdom Plantae, kingdom Fungi, kingdom Animalia, and the protists. Distinguished by their modes of nutrition.

Question 18

Darwin’s three observations

Answer 18

First, individuals in a population vary in their traits, many of which seem to be inheritable.
Second, a population can produce far more offspring that can survive to produce offspring of their own.
Third, species generally are suited to their environment.

Question 19

Testing ideas is influenced by three arenas

Answer 19

Exploration and discovery
Community analysis and feedback
Societal benefits and outcomes

Question 20

Five unifying themes of Biology

Answer 20

Organization
Information
Energy and Matter
Interactions
Evolution

Question 21

Systems Biology

Answer 21

The exploration of a biological system by analyzing the interaction among its parts.

Question 22

Genome

Answer 22

The entire “library” of genetic instructions that an organism inherits

Question 23

Three research developments that have made genomics and proteomics possible

Answer 23

One is “high throughput” technology: tools that can analyze many biological samples very rapidly.
Two is bioinformatics: the use of computational tools to store, organize, and analyze the huge volume of data.
Three is the formation of interdisciplinary research teams: researchers aim to learn how the activities of all the proteins and non-translated RNAs encoded by the DNA are coordinated in cells and in whole organisms.