Chapter 9 Flashcards
Connective tissue surrounding each individual skeletal muscle fiber is called ___________.
Endomysium
Connective tissue surrounding each fascicle (bundle of muscle fibers) is called ___________.
Perimysium
Connective tissue surrounding all the fascicles in a skeletal muscle is called _________.
Epimysium
A bundle of muscle fibers is called a ________.
Fascicle
Interconnected connective tissue that connects muscle to bone is called ___________.
Tendon
The fascicle pattern that is evenly spaced and about the same width as the muscle is called ________.
Parallel
The fascicle pattern that is broad at one end and tapers to a single tendon is called ________.
Convergent
The fascicle pattern that resembles a feather is called ___________.
Pennate
The fascicle pattern that encircles a structure (i.e. opening of the eye) is called __________.
Circular
The fascicle pattern that is thicker in the middle and tapered at both ends is called ________.
Fusiform
The muscle action that pulls away from the midline is called ________.
Abductor
The muscle action that pulls toward the midline is called _________.
Adductor
The muscle action that pulls down is called ________.
Depressor
The muscle action that holds straight or erect is called _________.
Erector
The muscle action that increases the angle between bones is called ________.
Extensor
The muscle action that decreases the angle between bones is called ________.
Flexor
The muscle action that raises a body part is called ________.
Levator
The muscle action that turns palms posteriorly is called _________.
Pronator
The muscle action that turns to palms anteriorly is called ________.
Supinator
The body region associated with the term “abdominus” is the _______.
Abdominal area
The body region associated with the term “brachii” is the _______.
Arm area
The body region associated with the term “capitis” is the _______.
Head area
The body region associated with the term “carpi” is the _______.
Wrist area
The body region associated with the term “cervicis” is the _______.
Neck area
The body region associated with the term “digitorum/digitis” is the _______.
Fingers/toes
The body region associated with the term “femoris” is the _______.
Femur or thigh
The body region associated with the term “gluteal” is the _______.
Buttocks
The body region associated with the term “oculi” is the _______.
Eyes
The body region associated with the term “oris” is the _______.
Mouth
The body region associated with the term “pectoralis” is the _______.
Chest area
In a group of muscles, the one that provides most of the force required for movement is called the _______.
Agonist or Prime Mover
In a group of muscles, the one that tends to oppose and slow the action is called the _______.
Antagonist
Muscles that work together with the agonist are called _________.
Synergists
Muscles that hold a bone in place, make movement more efficient, and reduce risk of injury are called ______.
Fixators
The part of a muscle that is fixed and attached is called the ________.
Origin
The moveable end of a muscle attachment is called the _______.
Insertion
The 4 parts of a muscle lever system are _______.
(1) the lever, (2) the load, (3) the force, and (4) the fulcrum
The type of muscle lever system in which the load is on one side, the fulcrum is in the middle, and the force is applied on the opposite side of the load is called _______. (Example: see-saw)
First-class lever
The type of muscle lever system in which the fulcrum is located on one end, the load is moved in the middle, and the force is applied to the other end of the lever is called _______. (Example: dolly cart)
Second-class lever
The most common type of muscle lever system, in which the fulcrum is on one end of the lever, the force is in the middle, and the load is on the opposite end, is called ______. (Example: tongs)
Third-class lever
The muscle that raises the head from a bowed position is the ______.
Trapezius
The only eye muscle to originate from the anterior orbit is the _______.
Inferior Oblique
The eye muscle that is controlled by the trochlear nerve is the ________.
Superior Oblique
The largest and most powerful muscle of the erector spinaes is the ________.
Longissimus Thoracis
The two muscles used to masticate/chew are _________.
Masseter and Temporalis
The pattern of fascicles leads to ________.
The appearance and function of a muscle
The only eye muscle that does medial rotation is the ________.
Medial Rectus
The group of muscles that control tongue movement are the _________.
Glossus Muscles
The facial muscle that inserts at the skin of the chin is the ________.
Mentalis
The muscle that is used to whistle is the ________.
Buccinator
The muscle used to open the mouth by depressing the mandible (jaw-dropping) is the _______.
Platysma
The muscle used to open the eye / acts as the antagonist to the Orbicularis Oculi is the ________.
Levator Palpebrae Superioris
The muscle that attaches to the clavicle, sternum, and temporal muscles is the ________.
Sternocleidomastoid
The muscle the does not depress the hyoid is the ________.
Mylohyoid
The muscle whose only job is to compress the abdominal cavity is the _______.
Transversus Abdominus
The muscle that acts as the agonist in arm flexion is the _______.
Pectoralis Major
The muscle that extends the index finger is the _______.
Extensor Indicis
The line of connective tissue that runs down the midline of the abdominal muscles is the ________.
Linea Alba
The main muscle of inspiration is the _______.
Diaphragm
The large, triangular muscle that has three sections, all with different origins and insertions, is the _______.
Trapezius
The prime mover / agonist in elbow flexion is the _________.
Brachialis
This muscle has 4 actions: flexion, abduction, and lateral rotation of the thigh, and flexion of the leg.
Sartorius
These two muscles plantarflex the foot at the ankle when climbing stairs.
Gastrocnemius and Soleus
These two muscles make up the “calf” and converge to form the Achilles tendon.
Gastrocnemius and Soleus
The two gluteal muscles that are primarily used when walking are the _______.
Gluteus Medius and Gluteus Minimus
The muscle used to curl the toes is the _______.
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
The Vastus muscles (Quadriceps group) insert on the (1)_______ and (2)_________.
Patella and Tibial Tuberosity
The antagonist to the Gastrocnemius is the _______.
Tibialis Anterior
The two main muscles used in dorsiflexion of the foot are _______.
Tibialis Anterior and Extensor Digitorum Longus
The muscle that both flexes and extends the toes is the _______.
Lumbrical
The muscle that is inner aged by the sciatic nerve is the _______.
Semimembranosus
The muscle that extends the knee is the _______.
Rectus Femoris
The muscle that flexes both the thigh and vertebral column is the ________.
Psoas Major
The muscle that flexes the forearm when walking up stairs is the ______.
Brachioradialis
The muscle that consists of two bellies is the _______.
Digastric
The muscle that elevates the scapula is the _______.
Levator Scapulae
The 11 pairs of muscles that elevate the rib cage and cause inhalation are the ________.
External Intercostals
The 11 pairs of muscles that depress the rib cage and cause exhalation are the ________.
Internal Intercostals
The muscles used to smile are the _______.
Zygomaticus Major and Minor
The muscle that raises the eyebrows is the _______.
Frontalis
The muscle that closes the lips is called the _______.
Orbicularis Oris
The 4 muscles that make up the Quadriceps are ________.
Rectus Femoris, Vastus Medialis, Vastus Intermediate, and Vastus Lateralis
(Vastus Intermediate is deep to the Rectus Femoris and therefore not visible from anterior view)
The 3 muscles that make up the Hamstrings are _______.
Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosus, and Semimembranosus
The thigh muscles visible from a posterior view (medial to lateral) are:
Gracilis, Semimembranosus, Semitendinosus, Biceps Femoris
The butt muscles are _____.
Gluteus Maximus and Gluteus Medius
The thigh muscles visible from an anterior view (medial to lateral) are:
Sartorius, Vastus Medialis, Rectus Femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Tensor Fasciae Latae (hip flexor)
