Chapter 12 MyL&M Q's Flashcards
What brain region is responsible for learning, memory, and personality?
Cerebrum
The brainstem connects the brain and the ______.
Spinal Cord
The cerebellum functions in ______.
planning and coordination of movement
What is the correct pathway of development of the cerebellum?
neural tube, hindbrain, metencephalon, cerebellum
A patient is unresponsive to sensory stimuli and a brain scan of the cerebrum shows no cortical activity. During surgery to relieve pressure on her brain, the neurologist notices damage to part of her diencephalon, explaining her symptoms. What part is damaged?
The Thalamus
Nearly all information must pass through the thalamus before entering the cerebrum. Damage to the thalamus will lead to deficits in perception and awareness of sensory stimuli.
The majority of the cerebral cortex is ______.
Neocortex
The hypothalamus functions in ______.
Regulating the ANS
The hippocampus and amygdala are parts of the _______.
Limbic System
Which neurotransmitter is important for arousal from sleep?
Orexin
What are components of the blood-brain barrier?
Astrocytes, high numbers of tight junctions, and endothelial cells of brain capillaries
(NOT the meninges)
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is formed by ________ and reabsorbed through arachnoid granulations into ________.
Choroid plexuses; dural sinuses
What are the ascending, sensory tracts of the spinal cord?
Posterior columns, Spinocerebellar, and Anterolateral system
What are the descending, motor tracts of the spinal cord?
Corticospinal, Reticulospinal, Tectospinal, and Vestibulospinal
In the spinal cord, nerve tracts or funiculi make up the _____.
White columns
Detection of stimuli is a responsibility of the ________ while perception of the stimuli is a responsibility of the ________.
PNS; CNS
This structure inhibits the thalamus and thus inappropriate movement, but becomes inhibited itself when voluntary movement is initiated.
Globus Pallidus
Corticonuclear tracts __________.
Communicate with cranial nerve nuclei in the brainstem to control the head and neck via lower motor neurons
The deepest stage of sleep is experienced during _______.
Stage IV
What is the function of Broca’s area of the brain?
Language production
What part of the brain is responsible for cognition?
Cerebral cortex
What part of the cerebral cortex is responsible for personality, the creation of an awareness of self, and the ability to recognize appropriate behavior?
Prefrontal cortex
It is in the medulla oblongata that corticospinal tracts ______, meaning that the motor fibers originating from the right cerebral cortex descend through the left side of the spinal cord, and vice versa.
Decussate
The neurotransmitter orexin plays a role in __________.
Promoting wakefulness
What functional brain system participates in memory, learning, emotion, and behavior?
Lambic system
What component of the diencephalon secretes the hormone melatonin?
Pineal gland
What provides a link between the nervous system and the endocrine system?
The hypothalamus
The most important part of the brain in terms of our immediate survival is the ________.
Brainstem
During development of the nervous system, the telencephalon will become the _________.
Cerebral hemispheres
The cerebellum functions in __________.
Planning and coordination of movement
Our conscious processes, such as planning movement, interpreting incoming sensory stimuli, and complex higher functions, are all functions of the ________.
Cerebral cortex (neocortex)
Which brain nucleus serves as the body’s ‘master clock’?
Suprachiastmatic nucleus
Which of the following areas of white matter is not located within the cerebral hemispheres?
Funiculi
What are the three primary brain vesicles that form from the neural tube?
Forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain
Imbalances to temperature homeostasis, weight loss, a decrease in cognitive abilities, hallucinations and even death may all be caused by ________.
Sleep deprivation
Cognition is best described as __________.
recognizing, processing, planning, and responding to stimuli
What structures are part of the limbic system?
Hippocampus, amygdala, cingulate gyri, parahippocampal gyrus, and fornix
While playing Frisbee with your friends, you are able to track it in the air when it is your turn to catch it because of your ________.
Parietal association cortex
The _____ contains the cell bodies of neurons responsible for motor control of the viscera via the autonomic nervous system.
Lateral horn
Certain functions of the brain appear to be lateralized, meaning the brain divides certain tasks between the two hemispheres to make use of the limited space. One such lateralization that is linked to the left hemisphere is:
language-related recognition.
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is formed by __________ and reabsorbed through arachnoid granulations into __________.
choroid plexuses; dural sinuses
The memory of facts and events that can consciously be recalled is known as __________ memory.
Declaritive
The descending motor tracts that allow for reflexive movement of the head and eyes are the:
tectospinal tracts.
Skeletal muscles are innervated by neurons that have cell bodies located in the _________ of the spinal cord gray matter.
Anterior horn
The periosteal and meningeal layers of the dura mater are fused together in all regions except:
Dural sinuses
What part of the spinal cord carries motor information from the brain?
Corticospinal tract
In what dura mater fold is the superior sagittal sinus located?
Falx cerebri
The end of the spinal cord is known as the:
conus medullaris.
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulates through the __________.
Subarachnoid space
The cauda equina is _______.
A bundle of spinal roots
Somatic sensory neuron cell bodies are located in the _____________.
Posterior root ganglion
Which special sense does not travel through the thalamus at any point in its transmission?
Olfaction
The axons of neurons that transmit tactile discriminative touch and proprioceptive stimuli from the trunk, neck and upper limbs are known as:
lateral fasciculus cuneatus.
Where is the sensation of touch first processed?
Primary somatosensory cortex, or S1
The perception of _____ involves not only areas S1 and S2 of the cortex but also the basal nuclei, the hypothalamus, parts of the limbic system, and the prefrontal cortex.
Pain
A critical function of the basal nuclei is to:
Inhibit inappropriate movement
What information is received by the primary vestibular cortex?
Equilibrium
Which tracts originate from the cell bodies of upper motor neurons, synapse on interneurons that communicate with cranial nerve nuclei at various levels of the brainstem, and do not decussate and enter the spinal cord?
Corticonuclear tracts
