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A&P 1 > Chapter 12 MyL&M Q's > Flashcards

Chapter 12 MyL&M Q's Flashcards

1
Q

What brain region is responsible for learning, memory, and personality?

A

Cerebrum

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2
Q

The brainstem connects the brain and the ______.

A

Spinal Cord

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3
Q

The cerebellum functions in ______.

A

planning and coordination of movement

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4
Q

What is the correct pathway of development of the cerebellum?

A

neural tube, hindbrain, metencephalon, cerebellum

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5
Q

A patient is unresponsive to sensory stimuli and a brain scan of the cerebrum shows no cortical activity. During surgery to relieve pressure on her brain, the neurologist notices damage to part of her diencephalon, explaining her symptoms. What part is damaged?

A

The Thalamus

Nearly all information must pass through the thalamus before entering the cerebrum. Damage to the thalamus will lead to deficits in perception and awareness of sensory stimuli.

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6
Q

The majority of the cerebral cortex is ______.

A

Neocortex

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7
Q

The hypothalamus functions in ______.

A

Regulating the ANS

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8
Q

The hippocampus and amygdala are parts of the _______.

A

Limbic System

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9
Q

Which neurotransmitter is important for arousal from sleep?

A

Orexin

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10
Q

What are components of the blood-brain barrier?

A

Astrocytes, high numbers of tight junctions, and endothelial cells of brain capillaries

(NOT the meninges)

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11
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is formed by ________ and reabsorbed through arachnoid granulations into ________.

A

Choroid plexuses; dural sinuses

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12
Q

What are the ascending, sensory tracts of the spinal cord?

A

Posterior columns, Spinocerebellar, and Anterolateral system

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13
Q

What are the descending, motor tracts of the spinal cord?

A

Corticospinal, Reticulospinal, Tectospinal, and Vestibulospinal

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14
Q

In the spinal cord, nerve tracts or funiculi make up the _____.

A

White columns

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15
Q

Detection of stimuli is a responsibility of the ________ while perception of the stimuli is a responsibility of the ________.

A

PNS; CNS

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16
Q

This structure inhibits the thalamus and thus inappropriate movement, but becomes inhibited itself when voluntary movement is initiated.

A

Globus Pallidus

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17
Q

Corticonuclear tracts __________.

A

Communicate with cranial nerve nuclei in the brainstem to control the head and neck via lower motor neurons

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18
Q

The deepest stage of sleep is experienced during _______.

A

Stage IV

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19
Q

What is the function of Broca’s area of the brain?

A

Language production

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20
Q

What part of the brain is responsible for cognition?

A

Cerebral cortex

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21
Q

What part of the cerebral cortex is responsible for personality, the creation of an awareness of self, and the ability to recognize appropriate behavior?

A

Prefrontal cortex

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22
Q

It is in the medulla oblongata that corticospinal tracts ______, meaning that the motor fibers originating from the right cerebral cortex descend through the left side of the spinal cord, and vice versa.

A

Decussate

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23
Q

The neurotransmitter orexin plays a role in __________.

A

Promoting wakefulness

24
Q

What functional brain system participates in memory, learning, emotion, and behavior?

A

Lambic system

25
Q

What component of the diencephalon secretes the hormone melatonin?

A

Pineal gland

26
Q

What provides a link between the nervous system and the endocrine system?

A

The hypothalamus

27
Q

The most important part of the brain in terms of our immediate survival is the ________.

A

Brainstem

28
Q

During development of the nervous system, the telencephalon will become the _________.

A

Cerebral hemispheres

29
Q

The cerebellum functions in __________.

A

Planning and coordination of movement

30
Q

Our conscious processes, such as planning movement, interpreting incoming sensory stimuli, and complex higher functions, are all functions of the ________.

A

Cerebral cortex (neocortex)

31
Q

Which brain nucleus serves as the body’s ‘master clock’?

A

Suprachiastmatic nucleus

32
Q

Which of the following areas of white matter is not located within the cerebral hemispheres?

A

Funiculi

33
Q

What are the three primary brain vesicles that form from the neural tube?

A

Forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain

34
Q

Imbalances to temperature homeostasis, weight loss, a decrease in cognitive abilities, hallucinations and even death may all be caused by ________.

A

Sleep deprivation

35
Q

Cognition is best described as __________.

A

recognizing, processing, planning, and responding to stimuli

36
Q

What structures are part of the limbic system?

A

Hippocampus, amygdala, cingulate gyri, parahippocampal gyrus, and fornix

37
Q

While playing Frisbee with your friends, you are able to track it in the air when it is your turn to catch it because of your ________.

A

Parietal association cortex

38
Q

The _____ contains the cell bodies of neurons responsible for motor control of the viscera via the autonomic nervous system.

A

Lateral horn

39
Q

Certain functions of the brain appear to be lateralized, meaning the brain divides certain tasks between the two hemispheres to make use of the limited space. One such lateralization that is linked to the left hemisphere is:

A

language-related recognition.

40
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is formed by __________ and reabsorbed through arachnoid granulations into __________.

A

choroid plexuses; dural sinuses

41
Q

The memory of facts and events that can consciously be recalled is known as __________ memory.

A

Declaritive

42
Q

The descending motor tracts that allow for reflexive movement of the head and eyes are the:

A

tectospinal tracts.

43
Q

Skeletal muscles are innervated by neurons that have cell bodies located in the _________ of the spinal cord gray matter.

A

Anterior horn

44
Q

The periosteal and meningeal layers of the dura mater are fused together in all regions except:

A

Dural sinuses

45
Q

What part of the spinal cord carries motor information from the brain?

A

Corticospinal tract

46
Q

In what dura mater fold is the superior sagittal sinus located?

A

Falx cerebri

47
Q

The end of the spinal cord is known as the:

A

conus medullaris.

48
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulates through the __________.

A

Subarachnoid space

49
Q

The cauda equina is _______.

A

A bundle of spinal roots

50
Q

Somatic sensory neuron cell bodies are located in the _____________.

A

Posterior root ganglion

51
Q

Which special sense does not travel through the thalamus at any point in its transmission?

A

Olfaction

52
Q

The axons of neurons that transmit tactile discriminative touch and proprioceptive stimuli from the trunk, neck and upper limbs are known as:

A

lateral fasciculus cuneatus.

53
Q

Where is the sensation of touch first processed?

A

Primary somatosensory cortex, or S1

54
Q

The perception of _____ involves not only areas S1 and S2 of the cortex but also the basal nuclei, the hypothalamus, parts of the limbic system, and the prefrontal cortex.

A

Pain

55
Q

A critical function of the basal nuclei is to:

A

Inhibit inappropriate movement

56
Q

What information is received by the primary vestibular cortex?

A

Equilibrium

57
Q

Which tracts originate from the cell bodies of upper motor neurons, synapse on interneurons that communicate with cranial nerve nuclei at various levels of the brainstem, and do not decussate and enter the spinal cord?

A

Corticonuclear tracts

A&P 1 (10 decks)

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