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A&P 1 > Chapter 15 - My L&M > Flashcards

Chapter 15 - My L&M Flashcards

1
Q

What papillae on the tongue are the largest and most numerous?

A

Vallate (or circumvallate) papillae

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2
Q

What nerves carry information about the special senses to the central nervous system (CNS)?

A

Cranial nerves

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3
Q

What is the only special sense that has neurons for receptor cells?

A

Olfaction

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4
Q

Which taste sensation is produced by glutamate or other amino acids?

A

Umami

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5
Q

To what part of the brain are both general and most special senses carried?

A

Thalamus

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6
Q

Which papillae of the tongue only detect the texture and temperature of food?

A

Filiform papillae

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7
Q

______________ is the inability to smell.

A

Anosmia

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8
Q

Where is the primary gustatory cortex located?

A

Parietal lobe

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9
Q

What area of the brain integrates visual and olfactory stimuli to give you a complete “picture” of what you are eating?

A

Frontal lobe

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10
Q

What gland secretes oil to prevent the eyelids from sticking together?

A

Tarsal Gland

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11
Q

Which cranial nerves innervate the extrinsic eye muscles?

A

Oculomotor, Abducens, and Trochlear

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12
Q

What structure functions to keep the retina in place and helps to maintain eyeball shape?

A

Vitreous humor

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13
Q

What part of the eye is known as the blind spot?

A

Optic disc

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14
Q

What part of the eye controls the amount of light entering through the pupil?

A

Iris

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15
Q

What is the function of the lens?

A

The lens focuses light on the retina.

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16
Q

What is the correct sequence of events that occur after light strikes the retina?

A

Photoreceptor cells, bipolar cells, retinal ganglion cells, and optic nerve

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17
Q

Which two parts of the eye refract light to focus it on the retina?

A

Cornea and lens

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18
Q

What disorder is diagnosed using Ishihara plates?

A

Color blindness

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19
Q

The ability of the lens to change its shape from flattened to round is known as __________.

A

accommodation

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20
Q

The three layers of the eyeball, from outer to inner, are the _______.

A

fibrous, vascular, and neural layers

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21
Q

What eye condition affects close vision and is the result of aging?

A

Presbyopia

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22
Q

Where does each half of the visual field get segregated so that it reaches the opposite hemisphere of the brain?

A

Optic chiasma

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23
Q

What pigment is derived from vitamin A?

A

Retinal

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24
Q

Which of the following structures is an accessory structure of the eye?

A

Conjunctiva

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25
Q

What structures make up the fibrous layer of the eye?

A

Sclera, Cornea

26
Q

What structures make up the vascular layer of the eye?

A

Iris, Ciliary Body, Choroid

27
Q

What structure makes up the neural layer of the eye?

A

Retina

28
Q

Where does a contact lens sit on the eye?

A

Cornea

29
Q

What disorder is commonly known as “lazy eye”?

A

Strabismus

30
Q

What part of the eye contains the photoreceptors?

A

Retina

31
Q

What determines the color of the iris?

A

The amount of brown pigment melanin

32
Q

The three types of cones that respond to different wavelengths are designated __________.

A

Red, green, and blue

33
Q

The sclera is continuous with a transparent layer over the anterior eye known as the __________.

A

Cornea

34
Q

What part of the eye is affected by the highly contagious condition “pink eye”?

A

Conjunctiva

35
Q

What type of photoreceptor cell perceives color?

A

Cone

36
Q

Loss of vision in one eye would also result in loss of ________________.

A

stereoscopic vision

37
Q

Which extrinsic eye muscle elevates the eye and moves it laterally?

A

Inferior oblique muscle

38
Q

What type of photoreceptors are almost entirely responsible for night vision?

A

Rods

39
Q

Where is the primary visual cortex located?

A

Occipital lobe

40
Q

What units of light stimulate photoreceptor cells in the retina?

A

Photons

41
Q

What area of retina is specialized for detailed vision?

A

Fovea centralis

42
Q

Where are the receptor cells for rotational equilibrium, a type of dynamic equilibrium, located?

A

Semicircular ducts

43
Q

What kind of glands are located in the external auditory canal?

A

Ceruminous glands

44
Q

All neural special sensory signals are relayed to the thalamus, except for the sensation of __________.

A

Olfaction

45
Q

Which of the following sources of input is not needed for equilibrium?

A

Cochlea

46
Q

The loudness of sound is determined by the vibrations of the __________.

A

basilar membrane

47
Q

How is pitch determined?

A

By which area of the basilar membrane vibrates

48
Q

Which of the following sequences of events trigger an action potential in the axon of the cochlear nerve?

A

1) The basilar membrane moves up toward the tectorial membrane, bending the stereocilia.
2) Bending the stereocilia opens potassium ion channels that depolarize the hair cell.
3) The depolarized hair cell releases neurotransmitters, triggering action potentials in the axon of the cochlear nerve.

49
Q

What structure connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx?

A

Auditory/pharyngotympanic tube

50
Q

If you are standing still and then you start moving forward, the endolymph in your inner ear will __________.

A

Move forward more slowly than the hair cells

51
Q

In which structure is endolymph found?

A

Cochlear duct

52
Q

Which structure detects rotational movement of the head in any plane?

A

Semicircular canals

53
Q

The receptor cells for static equilibrium are located in the __________.

A

maculae of the utricle and saccule of the vestibule

54
Q

What part of the inner ear is involved in hearing?

A

Cochlea

55
Q

Which auditory ossicle is connected to the tympanic membrane?

A

Malleus

56
Q

What creates the boundary between the air-filled middle ear and the fluid-filled inner ear?

A

Oval window

57
Q

Where does the conscious awareness of sound begin, along with the analysis of its pitch, location, and loudness?

A

Temporal lobe

58
Q

The loud sound of a high frequency siren will cause __________.

A

strong vibrations of the endolymph and basilar membrane at the base of the cochlea

59
Q

Where are sound vibrations amplified?

A

Auditory ossicles

60
Q

What detects dynamic equilibrium?

A

Crista ampullaris

61
Q

What structure contains the receptor cells for hearing?

A

Organ of Corti

A&P 1 (10 decks)

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