Chapter 15 - My L&M Flashcards
What papillae on the tongue are the largest and most numerous?
Vallate (or circumvallate) papillae
What nerves carry information about the special senses to the central nervous system (CNS)?
Cranial nerves
What is the only special sense that has neurons for receptor cells?
Olfaction
Which taste sensation is produced by glutamate or other amino acids?
Umami
To what part of the brain are both general and most special senses carried?
Thalamus
Which papillae of the tongue only detect the texture and temperature of food?
Filiform papillae
______________ is the inability to smell.
Anosmia
Where is the primary gustatory cortex located?
Parietal lobe
What area of the brain integrates visual and olfactory stimuli to give you a complete “picture” of what you are eating?
Frontal lobe
What gland secretes oil to prevent the eyelids from sticking together?
Tarsal Gland
Which cranial nerves innervate the extrinsic eye muscles?
Oculomotor, Abducens, and Trochlear
What structure functions to keep the retina in place and helps to maintain eyeball shape?
Vitreous humor
What part of the eye is known as the blind spot?
Optic disc
What part of the eye controls the amount of light entering through the pupil?
Iris
What is the function of the lens?
The lens focuses light on the retina.
What is the correct sequence of events that occur after light strikes the retina?
Photoreceptor cells, bipolar cells, retinal ganglion cells, and optic nerve
Which two parts of the eye refract light to focus it on the retina?
Cornea and lens
What disorder is diagnosed using Ishihara plates?
Color blindness
The ability of the lens to change its shape from flattened to round is known as __________.
accommodation
The three layers of the eyeball, from outer to inner, are the _______.
fibrous, vascular, and neural layers
What eye condition affects close vision and is the result of aging?
Presbyopia
Where does each half of the visual field get segregated so that it reaches the opposite hemisphere of the brain?
Optic chiasma
What pigment is derived from vitamin A?
Retinal
Which of the following structures is an accessory structure of the eye?
Conjunctiva
What structures make up the fibrous layer of the eye?
Sclera, Cornea
What structures make up the vascular layer of the eye?
Iris, Ciliary Body, Choroid
What structure makes up the neural layer of the eye?
Retina
Where does a contact lens sit on the eye?
Cornea
What disorder is commonly known as “lazy eye”?
Strabismus
What part of the eye contains the photoreceptors?
Retina
What determines the color of the iris?
The amount of brown pigment melanin
The three types of cones that respond to different wavelengths are designated __________.
Red, green, and blue
The sclera is continuous with a transparent layer over the anterior eye known as the __________.
Cornea
What part of the eye is affected by the highly contagious condition “pink eye”?
Conjunctiva
What type of photoreceptor cell perceives color?
Cone
Loss of vision in one eye would also result in loss of ________________.
stereoscopic vision
Which extrinsic eye muscle elevates the eye and moves it laterally?
Inferior oblique muscle
What type of photoreceptors are almost entirely responsible for night vision?
Rods
Where is the primary visual cortex located?
Occipital lobe
What units of light stimulate photoreceptor cells in the retina?
Photons
What area of retina is specialized for detailed vision?
Fovea centralis
Where are the receptor cells for rotational equilibrium, a type of dynamic equilibrium, located?
Semicircular ducts
What kind of glands are located in the external auditory canal?
Ceruminous glands
All neural special sensory signals are relayed to the thalamus, except for the sensation of __________.
Olfaction
Which of the following sources of input is not needed for equilibrium?
Cochlea
The loudness of sound is determined by the vibrations of the __________.
basilar membrane
How is pitch determined?
By which area of the basilar membrane vibrates
Which of the following sequences of events trigger an action potential in the axon of the cochlear nerve?
1) The basilar membrane moves up toward the tectorial membrane, bending the stereocilia.
2) Bending the stereocilia opens potassium ion channels that depolarize the hair cell.
3) The depolarized hair cell releases neurotransmitters, triggering action potentials in the axon of the cochlear nerve.
What structure connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx?
Auditory/pharyngotympanic tube
If you are standing still and then you start moving forward, the endolymph in your inner ear will __________.
Move forward more slowly than the hair cells
In which structure is endolymph found?
Cochlear duct
Which structure detects rotational movement of the head in any plane?
Semicircular canals
The receptor cells for static equilibrium are located in the __________.
maculae of the utricle and saccule of the vestibule
What part of the inner ear is involved in hearing?
Cochlea
Which auditory ossicle is connected to the tympanic membrane?
Malleus
What creates the boundary between the air-filled middle ear and the fluid-filled inner ear?
Oval window
Where does the conscious awareness of sound begin, along with the analysis of its pitch, location, and loudness?
Temporal lobe
The loud sound of a high frequency siren will cause __________.
strong vibrations of the endolymph and basilar membrane at the base of the cochlea
Where are sound vibrations amplified?
Auditory ossicles
What detects dynamic equilibrium?
Crista ampullaris
What structure contains the receptor cells for hearing?
Organ of Corti
