Chapter 9 Flashcards
child Prodigy
and individual who displays outstanding intelligence at an early age
according to Boring intelligence is….
whatever intelligence tests measure.
In psychology the definition of intelligence is…
controversial
Galton believed that knowledge is first achieved through….
the senses
according to Galton better ____ = _________
better senses = smarter
Galton believed that intelligence is the byproduct of ______
sensory capacity
who worked with Galton?
Cattell
Galton and Cattell’s claims were found to be _______
false
Who developed the 1st intelligence test?
Binet and Simon
What is an intelligence test
a diagnostic tool designed to measure overall thinking ability.
Binet and Simon recognized….
Higher mental processes like reasoning, understanding, and judgment
what is abstract thinking?
the capacity to understand hypothetical concepts
Most agreed that intelligence consists of _____ , ______, _____, _________. however in China they view intelligence as anyone who is ________ and performs actions for the greater good.
-reason abstractly
- adapt to environment
- acquire Knowledge
- Benefit from experience
- humble
What did Spearman discuss?
g and s
what was g and whos idea was it?
spearman
g - general intelligence - factor that accounts for overall differences in intellect among people. - general smarts - implies that some people are just plain smarter than others
- just like how some cars have more powerful engines than others, some people are just plain smarter than others, because they have better brains.
What was s and who’s idea was it?
spearman
s - specific abilities - unique to each item - our performance depends on our abilities in specific domains.
what implies that some people are just plain smarter than others.
g - by spearman
what did Thurstone discover?
some intelligence test items are more highly related to each other than others.
Cattel and Horn model of….
fluid and crystalized intelligence
- intelligence is the mixture of these two capacities
what is fluid intelligence?
the capacity to learn new ways
what is crystalized intelligence?
accumulated knowledge we acquire over time.
- facts
-long term memories
Fluid or crystalized declines with age and is more related to general intelligence.
fluid
fluid or crystalized increases with age?
crystalized
what are multiple intelligences?
the idea that people vary in their ability levels across different domains of intellectual skill
Gardner’s ________
frames of mind - different ways of thinking about the world
how many intelligences did Gardner propose?
8
what were the 8 intelligences that Gardner proposed? describe.
linguistic - speak and write well
logico-mathematical - math/science
spatial - think and reason in 3D
musical - perform, understand, enjoy
bodily-kinesthetic - manipulate body
interpersonal - interact with others
intrapersonal - interact with self
naturalistic - animals, plants, living things
Who proposed the triarchic model?
Sternberg
what was the triarchic model?
there are 3 types of intelligence
analytical practical creative
what are the three types of intelligence according to the triachric model?
analytical practical creative
what is analytical knowledge?
ability to reason logically - book smarts
what is practical knowledge?
the ability to solve real - world problems - street smarts - social intelligence
what is creative knowledge?
the ability to come up with novel and effective answers
the prefrontal cortex is active during ____ tasks
g
how do we calculate IQ using mental age?
mental age over chronological age x 100
what is mental age?
age corresponding to score on intelligence test
what was the eugenics movement?
a movement to improve a populations genetic stock by encouraging ppl with good genes to reproduce and those with bad to not
what is the most common IQ test used today?
WAIS scale
what five things are measured on the WAIS scale?
Overall IQ
Verbal Comprehension
Perceptual Reasoning
Working Memory
Processing Speed
what are culture fair tests
IQ tests that do not depend on language
IQ runs in families T/F
true
siblings - 0.5 - similar
cousins - 0.15 - not similar
fraternal twins intelligence is no more similar than regular siblings T/F
true
twins reared apart are as similar as twins reared together T/F
true
what is the flynn effect
the average IQ of the pop has been rising about 3 points each year
what 4 factors have allowed the Flynn effect to take place.
better testing of IQ
more complex world
better nutrition
changes in school and home
females are better at what tasks?
- verbal
-emotions - spelling
-writing
-arithmetic
children born later have higher IQ t/f
false - they have lower
Men have a slightly lower IQ than women T/F
false - slightly higher
Men Do better in what tasks?
spatial ability
geography
math
what is divergent thinking?
thinking outside the box
what is convergent thinking?
finding the single best answer to a problem
