Chapter 12 Flashcards
What is stress?
the tension discomfort or physical symptoms that arise when a stressor strains our ability to cope effectively
there are three approaches to stress. what are they?
stimuli
transaction
response
stress as a stimuli addresses….
stressful events
- helps to identify situations that are more stressful than others
stress as a transaction…
how ppl interpret and cope with stressful events
- primary and secondary appraisals
- problem focused or emotional focused
what is the difference between primary and secondary appraisals?
primary - we decide if the event is harmful to us or not
secondary - decide how well we can cope with it
what is problem focused coping?
- tackle lifes challenges head on - attempts to change the situation
what is emotion focused coping?
strategy that focuses on a positive outlook on feelings or situations accompanied by behavior’s that reduce painful emotions - attempts to change your reaction to a situation
what is the difference between a major life event, and a daily hassle?
major - alter your life
hassle - daily stressors of life - the little things that cause us stress
stress as a response…
peoples physical and psychological reactions to the stressful circumstance
what is Hans Selye proposed general adaptation syndrome?
alarm
resistance
exhaustion
what is the alarm reaction
1st stage
how we react to a situation
- flight or fight
what is the resistance stage
2nd stage
when you cant get out of a situation you find a way to deal with it
what is the exhaustion stage?
you do not want to get here
happens after a long period of stress
bad stress
exhaustion
what is the tend and befriend?
a common pattern of reacting to stress among women
in times of stress women rely on social contacts and nurturing abilities
tend to those around them and befriend/turn to others for support
oxytocin promotes what response?
the tend and befriend
it is the love and bonding hormone
after periods of long lasting stress people can develop _____
PTSD
what are ways to cope with stress?
social support
gaining control
what is social support?
interpersonal relations with people groups and larger communities, to provide us with emotional comfort, financial assistance and info about decisions
how many types of control are there?
5
what are the types of control?
Behavioral
cognitive
decisional
informational
emotional
what is behavioral control?
- problem focused - taking action to reduce the impact of stress or prevent the reoccurrence of the stressful situation
- step up and so something
-take action
what is cognitive control?
the ability to think differently about the situation that you are in.
-change the way we think about negative emotions.
what is decisional control?
the ability to chose among alternatives
- there are options
what is informational control?
-proactive coping
- gain info about the stressful event
what is emotional control?
ability to suppress and express emotions
feelings
what is catharsis?
the disclosing of painful feelings
expressing negative emotions
must be in control of the release of emotion - you cant be going pscyho
what is crisis debrifing?
discussing an event shortly after it happens
- meant to prevent PTSD
but has been shown to not be helpful
optimistic people ….
handle stress better
are more productive, focused and have better morality and better immune system
higher levels of spirituality and religion …
make people happier and healthier
what is ruminating ?
focusing on negatives and endlessly analyzing the bad and what caused the problems
what is the immune system?
our bodies defense mechanism against invaders
what are the 1st and 2nd lines of defense?
1- antibodies
2- white blood cells
what is psychoneuroimmunology?
the study of the relationship between the immune system and central nervous system
- so like how stress can make us sick
- how thinking effects our immune function
what is the biopsychosocial perspective?
- most illnesses are caused by a mix of biological psychological and social factors
CHD
- blockage of arteries
more stress = higher risk - type A
what is the most predictive trait of heart disesase?
hostility
what are 4 factors that will help to improve health and stress?
- stop smoking
- stop drinking
- maintain a healthy weight
- exercise - 30mins several times a week
what is alternative medicine?
INSTEAD of conventional medicine
what is complementary medicine?
products and practices with conventional medicine
