Chapter 12 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is stress?

A

the tension discomfort or physical symptoms that arise when a stressor strains our ability to cope effectively

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2
Q

there are three approaches to stress. what are they?

A

stimuli
transaction
response

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3
Q

stress as a stimuli addresses….

A

stressful events
- helps to identify situations that are more stressful than others

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4
Q

stress as a transaction…

A

how ppl interpret and cope with stressful events
- primary and secondary appraisals
- problem focused or emotional focused

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5
Q

what is the difference between primary and secondary appraisals?

A

primary - we decide if the event is harmful to us or not
secondary - decide how well we can cope with it

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6
Q

what is problem focused coping?

A
  • tackle lifes challenges head on - attempts to change the situation
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7
Q

what is emotion focused coping?

A

strategy that focuses on a positive outlook on feelings or situations accompanied by behavior’s that reduce painful emotions - attempts to change your reaction to a situation

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8
Q

what is the difference between a major life event, and a daily hassle?

A

major - alter your life
hassle - daily stressors of life - the little things that cause us stress

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9
Q

stress as a response…

A

peoples physical and psychological reactions to the stressful circumstance

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10
Q

what is Hans Selye proposed general adaptation syndrome?

A

alarm
resistance
exhaustion

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11
Q

what is the alarm reaction

A

1st stage
how we react to a situation
- flight or fight

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12
Q

what is the resistance stage

A

2nd stage
when you cant get out of a situation you find a way to deal with it

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13
Q

what is the exhaustion stage?

A

you do not want to get here
happens after a long period of stress
bad stress
exhaustion

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14
Q

what is the tend and befriend?

A

a common pattern of reacting to stress among women
in times of stress women rely on social contacts and nurturing abilities
tend to those around them and befriend/turn to others for support

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15
Q

oxytocin promotes what response?

A

the tend and befriend
it is the love and bonding hormone

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16
Q

after periods of long lasting stress people can develop _____

A

PTSD

17
Q

what are ways to cope with stress?

A

social support
gaining control

18
Q

what is social support?

A

interpersonal relations with people groups and larger communities, to provide us with emotional comfort, financial assistance and info about decisions

19
Q

how many types of control are there?

A

5

20
Q

what are the types of control?

A

Behavioral
cognitive
decisional
informational
emotional

21
Q

what is behavioral control?

A
  • problem focused - taking action to reduce the impact of stress or prevent the reoccurrence of the stressful situation
  • step up and so something
    -take action
22
Q

what is cognitive control?

A

the ability to think differently about the situation that you are in.
-change the way we think about negative emotions.

23
Q

what is decisional control?

A

the ability to chose among alternatives
- there are options

24
Q

what is informational control?

A

-proactive coping
- gain info about the stressful event

25
Q

what is emotional control?

A

ability to suppress and express emotions
feelings

26
Q

what is catharsis?

A

the disclosing of painful feelings
expressing negative emotions
must be in control of the release of emotion - you cant be going pscyho

27
Q

what is crisis debrifing?

A

discussing an event shortly after it happens
- meant to prevent PTSD
but has been shown to not be helpful

28
Q

optimistic people ….

A

handle stress better
are more productive, focused and have better morality and better immune system

29
Q

higher levels of spirituality and religion …

A

make people happier and healthier

30
Q

what is ruminating ?

A

focusing on negatives and endlessly analyzing the bad and what caused the problems

31
Q

what is the immune system?

A

our bodies defense mechanism against invaders

32
Q

what are the 1st and 2nd lines of defense?

A

1- antibodies
2- white blood cells

33
Q

what is psychoneuroimmunology?

A

the study of the relationship between the immune system and central nervous system
- so like how stress can make us sick
- how thinking effects our immune function

34
Q

what is the biopsychosocial perspective?

A
  • most illnesses are caused by a mix of biological psychological and social factors
35
Q

CHD

A
  • blockage of arteries
    more stress = higher risk
  • type A
36
Q

what is the most predictive trait of heart disesase?

A

hostility

37
Q

what are 4 factors that will help to improve health and stress?

A
  • stop smoking
  • stop drinking
  • maintain a healthy weight
  • exercise - 30mins several times a week
38
Q

what is alternative medicine?

A

INSTEAD of conventional medicine

39
Q

what is complementary medicine?

A

products and practices with conventional medicine