Chapter 14 Flashcards
Personality
peoples typical ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
traits
predispositions that influence our behavior’s across many situations
- account for consistencies in our behavior’s
what are the three influences on personality?
genetic - personality is linked to biological parents makeup
shared environmental - experiences within the same family make them more alike
nonshared environmental - experiences make individuals within the same family less alike
Shared environment plays ________role in adult personality
little to no role
Genes directly influence traits T/F
true
who was Freud and what did he believe? what was his theory?
neurologist that developed the first comprehensive theory of personality
psychoanalytical theory
who developed the psychoanalytical theory?
freud
what is the psychoanalytical theory? what are the three primary assumptions?
1 psychic determinism
2 symbolic meaning
3 unconscious motivation
what is psychic determinism?
all psychological events have a cause
we arent free to choose out actions
what is symbolic meaning?
no action is meaningless - everything is a symbol for something
what is unconscious motivation?
rarely understand why we do what we do
Freud though the psyche consisted of three components which are..
ID - primitive instincts - sex and aggression
Ego - decision maker - deal with real world
Superego - sense of morality - ppl with high superego are guilty
what are defense mechanisms?
unconscious maneuvers intended to minimize anxiety - tools for coping
what are the 7 defense mechanisms?
repression
denial
projection
displacement
rationalization
intellectualization
sublimation
what is repression
motivated forgetting of emotionally threatening memories
forget because you want to
what is denial?
motivated forgetting of distressing experiences
what is projection?
attribution of our negative qualities onto others
what is displacement?
direct an unacceptable impulse into one that is more acceptable/safe
what is rationalization?
reasonable explaination for something that is not
what is intellectualization?
avoid anxiety by thinking about abstract and interpersonal thoughts
what is sublimation?
transforming impulse into a goal
who developed the stages of psychosexual development? what are they?
freud
we pass through stages that are focused on erogenous zones of the body - if we get fixated on a stage we cannot move on
what does erogenous mean?
sexually arousing
what are the stages of the psychosexual development theory? - describe
oral - birth - 12/18 months - mouth - suck/drink
anal - 18mo-3yrs - toilet training - ego develops
phallic - 3-6yrs - genitals - love opp sex parent
latency - 6-12 - find opp sex yucky
genital - 12+ - sexual impulses
neo-Freudians - how did they differ?
- less emphasis on sexuality
- more optimistic about personal growth
skinner believed in ______ approaches
behavioural
Rodgers proposed the ___________theory
self actualization
what was the self-actualization theory?
the drive to develop our inate potential to the fullest possible extent
rodgers model focused on what 3 things?
the organism
the self
the conditions of worth
what is the big five model
an approach to describe personality
what are the big 5
openness to experience
conscientiousness
extraversion
agreeableness
neuroticism
what is openness to experience
curiosity and unconventional
high - creative, new things, challenges, abstract thinking
low- no change, not imaginative, no new ideas
what is conscientiousness?
careful and responsible
high - perpared, finishes tasks, detail, schedual
low - no structure, not on time
what is extraversion?
social and lively
high - center of attention, meet new ppl, convo starter
low - think before talk, no small talk
what is agreeableness?
social able and easy to get along with
high - forgiveness, caring,helping,empathy
low - doesnt care for/about others
what is Neuroticism?
tense and moody
high - upset often, mood swings, anxious
low - emontionally stable, handle stress, rarely upset
tendencies VS adaptations
t - underlying personality traits
a - behavioral manifestations
MMPI
low face validity
good for mental disorders - bad in other ways
