Chapter 9

Question 1

Homeostasis

Answer 1

The condition in which all of the body’s systems are working at their best

Question 2

Metabolism

Answer 2

Physical and chemical processes by which substances are produced or broken down into energy or products for use by the body

Question 3

Organs

Answer 3

Structural units in the human body that perform specific functions

Question 4

Tissues

Answer 4

Groups of cells that perform similar tasks

Question 5

Cells

Answer 5

Basic units of the body that divide, develop, and die, renewing tissues and organs

Question 6

Integument

Answer 6

A natural protective covering

Question 7

Dilate

Answer 7

To widen

Question 8

Constrict

Answer 8

To narrow

Question 9

Bones

Answer 9

Rigid connective tissues that make up the skeleton, protective organs, and allow the body to move

Question 10

Joint

Answer 10

The place at which two bones meet

Question 11

Muscles

Answer 11

Groups of tissues that provide movement of body parts, protection of organs, and creation of body heat

Question 12

Atrophy

Answer 12

The wasting away, decreasing in size, and weakning of muscles from lack of use

Question 13

Contracture

Answer 13

The permanent and often painful shortening of a muscle, usually due to lack of activity

Question 14

Central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 14

Part of the nervous system that is composed of the brain and spinal cord

Question 15

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Answer 15

Part of the nervous system that deals with the periphery, or outer part of the body, via the nerves that extend throughout the body

Question 16

Systole

Answer 16

Phase where the heart is at work, contracting and pushing blood out of the left ventricle

Question 17

Diastole

Answer 17

Phase when the heart relaxes or rests

Question 18

Respiration

Answer 18

The process of breathing air into the lungs and exhaling air out of the lungs

Question 19

Inspiration

Answer 19

Breathing in

Question 20

Expiration

Answer 20

Exhaling air out of the lungs

Question 21

Sputum

Answer 21

Thick mucus coughed up from the lungs

Question 22

Urinary incontinence

Answer 22

The inability to control the bladder, which leads to an involuntary loss of urine

Question 23

Digestion

Answer 23

The process of preparing food physically and chemically so that it can be absorbed into the cells

Question 24

Elimination

Answer 24

The process of expelling solid wastes made up of the waste products of food that are not absorbed into the cells

Question 25

Fecal incontinence

Answer 25

The inability to control the bowels, leading to involuntary passage of stool

Question 26

Glands

Answer 26

Organs that produce and secrete chemicals called hormones

Question 27

Hormones

Answer 27

Chemical substances created by the body that control numerous body functions

Question 28

Reproduce

Answer 28

To create new human life

Question 29

Gonads

Answer 29

Sex glands

Question 30

Nonspecific immunity

Answer 30

A type of immunity that protects the body from disease in general

Question 31

Specific immunity

Answer 31

A type of immunity that protects against a particular disease that is invading the body at a given time

Question 32

Lymph

Answer 32

Clear yellowish fluid that carries disease-fighting cells called lymphocytes