Chapter 9 Flashcards
Homeostasis
The condition in which all of the body’s systems are working at their best
Metabolism
Physical and chemical processes by which substances are produced or broken down into energy or products for use by the body
Organs
Structural units in the human body that perform specific functions
Tissues
Groups of cells that perform similar tasks
Cells
Basic units of the body that divide, develop, and die, renewing tissues and organs
Integument
A natural protective covering
Dilate
To widen
Constrict
To narrow
Bones
Rigid connective tissues that make up the skeleton, protective organs, and allow the body to move
Joint
The place at which two bones meet
Muscles
Groups of tissues that provide movement of body parts, protection of organs, and creation of body heat
Atrophy
The wasting away, decreasing in size, and weakning of muscles from lack of use
Contracture
The permanent and often painful shortening of a muscle, usually due to lack of activity
Central nervous system (CNS)
Part of the nervous system that is composed of the brain and spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Part of the nervous system that deals with the periphery, or outer part of the body, via the nerves that extend throughout the body
Systole
Phase where the heart is at work, contracting and pushing blood out of the left ventricle
Diastole
Phase when the heart relaxes or rests
Respiration
The process of breathing air into the lungs and exhaling air out of the lungs
Inspiration
Breathing in
Expiration
Exhaling air out of the lungs
Sputum
Thick mucus coughed up from the lungs
Urinary incontinence
The inability to control the bladder, which leads to an involuntary loss of urine
Digestion
The process of preparing food physically and chemically so that it can be absorbed into the cells
Elimination
The process of expelling solid wastes made up of the waste products of food that are not absorbed into the cells
Fecal incontinence
The inability to control the bowels, leading to involuntary passage of stool
Glands
Organs that produce and secrete chemicals called hormones
Hormones
Chemical substances created by the body that control numerous body functions
Reproduce
To create new human life
Gonads
Sex glands
Nonspecific immunity
A type of immunity that protects the body from disease in general
Specific immunity
A type of immunity that protects against a particular disease that is invading the body at a given time
Lymph
Clear yellowish fluid that carries disease-fighting cells called lymphocytes
