Chapter 15

Question 1

 nutrition

Answer 1

How the body uses food to maintain health

Question 2

Nutrient

Answer 2

Something found in food that provides energy, promotes growth and health, and helps regulate metabolism

Question 3

Complex carbohydrates

Answer 3

Carbohydrates that are broken down by the body into simple sugars for energy; found in foods such as bread, cereal, potatoes, rice, pasta, vegetables, and fruits

Question 4

Simple carbohydrates

Answer 4

Carbohydrates that are found in foods such as sugars, sweets, syrups, and jellies and have little nutritional value

Question 5

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN)

Answer 5

The intravenous infusion of nutrients administered directly into the bloodstream, bypassing the digestive track

Question 6

Nasogastric tube

Answer 6

A feeding tube that is inserted into the nose and goes into the stomach

Question 7

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube

Answer 7

Feeding tube placed through the abdominal wall into the stomach

Question 8

Gastrostomy

Answer 8

A surgically-created opening into the stomach in order to insert a tube

Question 9

Diet cards

Answer 9

Cards that list the resident’s name and information about special diets, allergies, likes and dislikes, and other instructions

Question 10

Special diets

Answer 10

Diets for people who have certain illnesses; also called therapeutic or modified diets

Question 11

Diuretics

Answer 11

Medications that reduce fluid volume in the body

Question 12

Purée

Answer 12

To chop, blend, or grind food into a thick paste of baby food consistency

Question 13

Dysphagia

Answer 13

Difficulty swallowing

Question 14

Aspiration

Answer 14

The inhalation of food, drink, or foreign material into the lungs

Question 15

Intake

Answer 15

The fluid a person consumes; also called input

Question 16

Output

Answer 16

All fluid that is eliminated from the body; includes fluid in urine, feces, vomitus, perspiration, moisture that is exhaled in the air, and wound drainage

Question 17

Fluid balance

Answer 17

Taking in and eliminating equal amounts of fluid

Question 18

Force fluids (FF)

Answer 18

A medical order to encourage a person to drink more fluids

Question 19

Restrict fluids (RF)

Answer 19

Medical order to limit the amount of fluids a person drinks to the level set by the doctor

Question 20

NPO (nothing by mouth)

Answer 20

Medical order to withhold all food and fluids taken orally

Question 21

Dehydration

Answer 21

A serious condition resulting from inadequate fluid in the body

Question 22

Fluid overload

Answer 22

A condition that occurs when the body is unable to handle the amount of fluid consumed

Question 23

Edema

Answer 23

Swelling caused by excess fluid in body tissues