Chapter 9/10 Mitosis/Meiosis Flashcards
If an investigator removes the mesodern from an embryo, the development of which system is least liking to be affected?
Integumentary (skin) system
Each of the two strands in this illustration is called a
——-__——
——- ——
^
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Sister chromatid
The chromosomes move to the opposite poles during….
Anaphase
Crossing over is one of the most important events in meiosis because….
It produces new combinations of alleles on chromosomes
In mitosis, if a parent has 16 chromosomes, each daughter cell will have how many chromosomes?
16
- ) formation of four new nuclei, each with half the chromosomes present in the parental nucleus
- ) alignment of tetrads at the metaphase plate
- ) separation of sister chromatids
- ) separation of the homologoues; no uncoupling of the centromere
- ) synapsis; chromosomes moving to the middle of the cell in pairs
A.) what’s the most logical order that represents meiosis?
B.) which step take place in both mitosis and meiosis?
A.) 5,2,4,3,1
B.) 3
If gastrulation was blocked by an environmental toxin, then….
Embryonic germ layers would not form
|. •
|. •. •
| •. •. •
|__________
1. 2. 3.
A.) which sample of DNA might be form a nerve cell arrested in Gzero of the cell cycle?
B.) which sample of DNA might represent an animal cell in G2 phase of the cell cycle?
C.) which sample of DNA might represent a sperm cell?
A.) 1
B.) 2
C.) 3
If a cell has completed the first meiotic division and is just beginning meiosis II, what’s an appropriate description of its contents?
It has half the amount of DNA as the cell that began meiosis
In comparing mitosis and meiosis, what’s true?
Meiosis II resembles mitosis
Which of the following statements are true?
A.) once a person reaches maturity, cell division stops except to repair wounds
B.) cell division in an adult signifies cancer
C.) some specific cells throughout the body retain the ability to divide and replace themselves
D.) growth continues throughout the life of an adult human
C
In the cells of some organisms, mitosis occurs without cytokinesis. This will result in…
Cells with more that one nucleus
Under favorable conditions, during which phase of meiosis will the chromosomes appear as packets of four chromatids?
Prophase 1
Independent assortment refers to which of the following statements..?
Either partner of a homologous pair of chromosomes may end up at either spindle pole
In eukaryotic cells, which can occur during the stages of mitosis?
Fragmentation and the disappearance of nuclear envelope
Vinblastine is a standard chemotherapeutic drug used to treat cancer, because it interferes with the assembly of microtubules, its effectiveness must be related to….
Disruption of mitotic spindle formation
Though a microscope, you can see a cell plate beginning to develop across the middle of a cell and nuclei forming on either side of the cell plate. This cell is most likely…
A plant cell in the process of cytokinesis
In most animal cells, the sperm and egg contribute an equal_____ to the zygote.
Number of chromosomes
By the end of this phase, the number of homologous chromosomes is reduced in half.
Telophase 1
During meiosis II…
Sister chromatids of each chromosome are separated from each other.
The chromatids detach from one another and become visibly separate chromosomes during…
Anaphase.
Which of these statements concerning the centromere is NOT true?
A.) it appears to join duplicated DNA’s
B.) it anchors proteins to DNA
C.) its position along the chromosome varies
D.) it is the location site for microtubule attachment.
It anchors proteins to DNA
Which stage in reproduction and development occurs before the others?
Gamete formation
Proteins that resemble spools on which DNA molecules are wound are called….
Histones
(Picture of chromatids splitting)
If the cell whose nuclear material is shown in the above picture, continues toward completion of mitosis, what would happen next?
Formation of telophase nuclei
In which of the stages below does each chromosome consist of two DNA molecules?
- ) prophase
- ) metaphase
- ) anaphase
- ) telophase
Prophase and metaphase
What’s not associated with meiosis?
Somatic (body) cells
What doesn’t occur in mitosis?
Replication of the DNA
Which of the following statements is false?
A.) chromosomes don’t pair during mitosis
B.) genes and chromosomes are duplicated during prophase
C.) each species has a specific number of chromosomes
D.) new nuclei are formed during telophase
B
In vertebrae animals spermatogensis and oogenesis differ in that…
Oogenesis ends at menopause, where as spermatogensis is finished at birth
This picture shows (it’s a picture of two cells dividing)
Cytoplasmic division in an animal cell and a contractile ring mechanism
A student is looking through his light microscope (~450 X) at a squashed and stained onion root tip. Some, but not all, of the cells have clearly visible chromosomes strands. When a cell is in anaphase of mitosis, which of the following will he see?
A clear area in the center of the cell
The spread of a cancer from one site to others in the body is known as
Metastasis
Which of the following doesn’t produce variation?
A.) asexual reproduction
B.) random alignment of chromosomes during meiosis
C.) crossing over
D.) genetic recombination of alleles
A
Which of these statement are false?
A.) in humans, each of the 22 maternal autosomes has a homologous paternal chromosome.
B.) in humans, the 23rd pair, the sex chromosomes, determine whether a person is female (XX) or male (XY)
C.) single, haploid (n) sets of chromosomes in ovum and sperm unite during fertilization, forming a diploid (2n), single-celled zygote
D.) at sexual maturity m, ovaries and testes produce diploid gametes by meiosis
D
What is produced is a cell divides by mitosis but does not undergo cytokinesis?
One cell with two nuclei, each identical to the nucleus of the parent cell
Humans produce skin cells by mitosis and gametes by meiosis. The nuclei of skin cells produced by mitosis will have….
Four times as much DNA as the nuclei of gametes produces by meiosis
A group of cells is assayed for DNA content immediately following mitosis and is found to have an average of 8 picograms of DNA per nucleus. How many picograms would be found at the end of S and the end of G2?
16;16
You have the technology necessary to measure each of the following in a sample of animal cells: chlorophylls, organelle density, picograms of DNA, cell-wall components, and enzymatic activity. Which would you expect to increase significantly from M to G1?
Organelle density and enzymatic activity
Motor proteins require what to function in the movement of chromosomes toward the piles of the mitotic spindle?
ATP as an Energy source
The drug cytochalasin B blocks the function of actin. What aspects of the animal cell cycle would be most disrupted by cytochalasin B?
Cleavage furrow formation and cytokinesis
Once nerve cells become mature, they don’t usually undergo cell division. Based on your knowledge of the cell cycle, you would predict that mature nerve cells become arrested in the______ of the cell cycle.
Gzero phase
The kinetochore serves what function?
Kinetochores attach to microtubule a during mitosis
To prevent disastrous consequences, the eukaryotic cell cycle is controlled by
A series of cell checkpoints
The reproductive, cardiovascular, and muscular-skeletal systems develop from what embryonic germ layer?
Mesoderm
In a human karyotype, chromosomes are arranged in 23 pairs. If we choose one of these pairs, such as pair 14, what do the two chromosomes of the pair have in common?
Length, centromere position, staining pattern, and traits coded for by their genes
Arrange the following in order.
- ) secondary oocyte
- ) oogonium
- ) ovum
- ) primary oocyte
2—>4—->1—->3
Arrange the stages of sperm development in Chronological order.
- ) sperm
- ) spermatid
- ) primary spermatocyte
- ) secondary spermatocyte
- ) spermatogonium
5–>3—>4—>2—>1
A.) large frog on a lily pad B.) partial tadpole, into full tadpole C.) almost hallow egg into partial tadpole D.) hollowing egg E.) full, almost fertilized egg. F.) two frogs doing the bed boogie
A.) development into an adult B.) organogenesis C.)gastrulation D.) cleavage E.) fertilization F.) sexual reproduction
