Chapter 34 Circulation Flashcards
Functions of blood
Deliver oxygen Hormones Antibodies to fight Gets rid of waste and CO2 (waste--> kidney, co2---> lungs) Nutrients to cells Regulates ph and body temp.
Plasma
90% of blood Solvent (is the liquid contains fat soluble vitamins) Amino acids Hormones O and CO2
Lipids: Cholesterol
High Density is good
Low density is bad
Erythrocytes: Red Blood Cells
Most humorous in blood Transports O and CO2 Colored red by Hemoglobin Live for 120 days Killed by liver and spleen
Myoglobin
Erythropoietin
Stores O
Generates rbc
Jugular veins
From brain neck head tissue (oxygen poor)
Superior vena cava
From neck, shoulder, arm veins of upper body. (Oxygen poor blood)
Pulmonary veins
Lungs to heart (oxygenated blood)
Renal vein
Kidneys back to heart (oxygen poor blood)
Inferior vena cava
Receives blood from all veins below the diaphragm (oxygen poor blood)
Iliac veins
Carries blood from pelvic organs and lower abdominal wall (oxygen poor blood)
Femoral veins
From thigh and inner knee (oxygen poor blood) down right leg
Femoral artery
To thigh and inner knee (oxygen rich blood) down left leg
Iliac arteries
To pelvic organs, lower abdominal wall (oxygen rich blood)
Abdominal aorta
To digestive tract, pelvic organs. (Oxygen rich blood)
Renal artery
To kidney (oxygen rich blood)
Brachial artery
To arms, hand (oxygen rich blood)
Coronary arteries
To cardiac muscle (oxygen rich blood)
Pulmonary arteries
To lungs (oxygen poor blood)
Carotid arteries
To brain, neck, head tissue (oxygen rich blood)
Which blood vessels are oxygenated and which are deoxygenated?
All ARTERIES carry OXYGENATED blood EXCEPT for the PULMONARY ARTERY (carries deoxygenated blood). The PULMONARY VEIN carries oxygenated blood
What is the correct sequence for the flow of blood in the human body?
Vena cava Right atrium Pulmonary capillaries Pulmonary vein Left ventricle Aorta
Leukocytes: def. types.
- function in housekeeping and defense
1. ) neutrophils
2. ) monocytes
3. ) lymphocytes
4. ) eosinophils
5. ) basophils
Neutrophils
- most common
- pushes cytoplasm
- phagocytize foreign material
- active transport
Monocytes
Large phagocytizing cells
-WBC growth factors
Pus
-dead WBC
Lymphocytes
T-cells
-attack cells through MHC complex, which contains viruses
B-cells
-antibodies to mark antigens
Eosinophils
Granular : small sized
Release enzymes for fighting parasites and destroying allergens
Basophils
Least common
Prevents quick blood clots
Vasodilator histamine- increases blood flow to the tissues
Blood vessels
Arteries
Arterioles
Capillaries
Arteries
Main source of oxygenated blood transport.
Heart to elsewhere
Largest
Arterioles
Diameter adjusted to regulate blood flow
Smaller than arteries, larger than capillaries
Capillaries
Diffusion occurs across thin walls
Smallest
Site of exchange between blood and interstitial fluid
Flow is flow
Blood flow order
Capillaries–>venues—> veins
Veins layer
Outer -fibrous Middle -smooth muscle/elastic tissue Inner -endothelium: squamous epith.
Lumen
Where blood travels
Fish
Two-chambered heart one circuit
Amphibians
Three chambered heart
2 atrium, one ventricle
Reptiles
4-chambered heart
Not fully separated
Birds/mammals
Four-chambered heart
Fully separated
Is able to keep themselves warm where as the others before them couldn’t
Systematic circuit
Longer loop, Carries blood to and from tissues Abdominal aorta 1.) right ventricle 2.)pulmonary arteries 3.) capillaries beds in lungs 4.) pulmonary veins
Hepatic portal system
Blood from digestive organs to liver
Uses capillaries
Heart disease risk factors
Smoking Genetics High cholesterol Obesity Lack of exercise Diabetes mellitus Gender Old age
Lymph nodes
Filter and cleanse the lymph
Purifies blood
Creates defense
-macrophages, dendritic cells, b and T cells
3 areas of lymphatic tissues
Groin (inguinal)
Neck (cervical)
Armpits (axillary)
Note: no lymph nodes associated with CNS
