Chapter 34 Circulation

Question 1

Functions of blood

Answer 1

Deliver oxygen
Hormones 
Antibodies to fight 
Gets rid of waste and CO2 (waste--> kidney, co2---> lungs) 
Nutrients to cells 
Regulates ph and body temp.

Question 2

Plasma

Answer 2

90% of blood 
Solvent (is the liquid contains fat soluble vitamins) 
Amino acids 
Hormones
O and CO2

Question 3

Lipids: Cholesterol

Answer 3

High Density is good

Low density is bad

Question 4

Erythrocytes: Red Blood Cells

Answer 4

Most humorous in blood 
Transports O and CO2
Colored red by Hemoglobin
Live for 120 days 
Killed by liver and spleen

Question 5

Myoglobin

Erythropoietin

Answer 5

Stores O

Generates rbc

Question 6

Jugular veins

Answer 6

From brain neck head tissue (oxygen poor)

Question 7

Superior vena cava

Answer 7

From neck, shoulder, arm veins of upper body. (Oxygen poor blood)

Question 8

Pulmonary veins

Answer 8

Lungs to heart (oxygenated blood)

Question 9

Renal vein

Answer 9

Kidneys back to heart (oxygen poor blood)

Question 10

Inferior vena cava

Answer 10

Receives blood from all veins below the diaphragm (oxygen poor blood)

Question 11

Iliac veins

Answer 11

Carries blood from pelvic organs and lower abdominal wall (oxygen poor blood)

Question 12

Femoral veins

Answer 12

From thigh and inner knee (oxygen poor blood) down right leg

Question 13

Femoral artery

Answer 13

To thigh and inner knee (oxygen rich blood) down left leg

Question 14

Iliac arteries

Answer 14

To pelvic organs, lower abdominal wall (oxygen rich blood)

Question 15

Abdominal aorta

Answer 15

To digestive tract, pelvic organs. (Oxygen rich blood)

Question 16

Renal artery

Answer 16

To kidney (oxygen rich blood)

Question 17

Brachial artery

Answer 17

To arms, hand (oxygen rich blood)

Question 18

Coronary arteries

Answer 18

To cardiac muscle (oxygen rich blood)

Question 19

Pulmonary arteries

Answer 19

To lungs (oxygen poor blood)

Question 20

Carotid arteries

Answer 20

To brain, neck, head tissue (oxygen rich blood)

Question 21

Which blood vessels are oxygenated and which are deoxygenated?

Answer 21

All ARTERIES carry OXYGENATED blood EXCEPT for the PULMONARY ARTERY (carries deoxygenated blood). The PULMONARY VEIN carries oxygenated blood

Question 22

What is the correct sequence for the flow of blood in the human body?

Answer 22

Vena cava 
Right atrium 
Pulmonary capillaries 
Pulmonary vein 
Left ventricle 
Aorta

Question 23

Leukocytes: def. types.

Answer 23

• function in housekeeping and defense
  1. ) neutrophils
  2. ) monocytes
  3. ) lymphocytes
  4. ) eosinophils
  5. ) basophils

Question 24

Neutrophils

Answer 24

• most common
• pushes cytoplasm
• phagocytize foreign material
• active transport

Question 25

Monocytes

Answer 25

Large phagocytizing cells -WBC growth factors Pus -dead WBC

Question 26

Lymphocytes

Answer 26

T-cells -attack cells through MHC complex, which contains viruses B-cells -antibodies to mark antigens

Question 27

Eosinophils

Answer 27

Granular : small sized | Release enzymes for fighting parasites and destroying allergens

Question 28

Basophils

Answer 28

Least common Prevents quick blood clots Vasodilator histamine- increases blood flow to the tissues

Question 29

Blood vessels

Answer 29

Arteries Arterioles Capillaries

Question 30

Arteries

Answer 30

Main source of oxygenated blood transport. Heart to elsewhere Largest

Question 31

Arterioles

Answer 31

Diameter adjusted to regulate blood flow Smaller than arteries, larger than capillaries

Question 32

Capillaries

Answer 32

Diffusion occurs across thin walls Smallest Site of exchange between blood and interstitial fluid Flow is flow

Question 33

Blood flow order

Answer 33

Capillaries-->venues---> veins

Question 34

Veins layer

Answer 34

``` Outer -fibrous Middle -smooth muscle/elastic tissue Inner -endothelium: squamous epith. ```

Question 35

Lumen

Answer 35

Where blood travels

Question 36

Fish

Answer 36

Two-chambered heart one circuit

Question 37

Amphibians

Answer 37

Three chambered heart | 2 atrium, one ventricle

Question 38

Reptiles

Answer 38

4-chambered heart | Not fully separated

Question 39

Birds/mammals

Answer 39

Four-chambered heart Fully separated Is able to keep themselves warm where as the others before them couldn't

Question 40

Systematic circuit

Answer 40

``` Longer loop, Carries blood to and from tissues Abdominal aorta 1.) right ventricle 2.)pulmonary arteries 3.) capillaries beds in lungs 4.) pulmonary veins ```

Question 41

Hepatic portal system

Answer 41

Blood from digestive organs to liver Uses capillaries

Question 42

Heart disease risk factors

Answer 42

``` Smoking Genetics High cholesterol Obesity Lack of exercise Diabetes mellitus Gender Old age ```

Question 43

Lymph nodes

Answer 43

Filter and cleanse the lymph Purifies blood Creates defense -macrophages, dendritic cells, b and T cells

Question 44

3 areas of lymphatic tissues

Answer 44

Groin (inguinal) Neck (cervical) Armpits (axillary) Note: no lymph nodes associated with CNS