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AP Biology > Chapter 34 Circulation > Flashcards

Chapter 34 Circulation Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Functions of blood

A 
Deliver oxygen
Hormones 
Antibodies to fight 
Gets rid of waste and CO2 (waste--> kidney, co2---> lungs) 
Nutrients to cells 
Regulates ph and body temp.
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2
Q

Plasma

A 
90% of blood 
Solvent (is the liquid contains fat soluble vitamins) 
Amino acids 
Hormones
O and CO2
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3
Q

Lipids: Cholesterol

A

High Density is good

Low density is bad

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4
Q

Erythrocytes: Red Blood Cells

A 
Most humorous in blood 
Transports O and CO2
Colored red by Hemoglobin
Live for 120 days 
Killed by liver and spleen
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5
Q

Myoglobin

Erythropoietin

A

Stores O

Generates rbc

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6
Q

Jugular veins

A

From brain neck head tissue (oxygen poor)

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7
Q

Superior vena cava

A

From neck, shoulder, arm veins of upper body. (Oxygen poor blood)

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8
Q

Pulmonary veins

A

Lungs to heart (oxygenated blood)

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9
Q

Renal vein

A

Kidneys back to heart (oxygen poor blood)

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10
Q

Inferior vena cava

A

Receives blood from all veins below the diaphragm (oxygen poor blood)

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11
Q

Iliac veins

A

Carries blood from pelvic organs and lower abdominal wall (oxygen poor blood)

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12
Q

Femoral veins

A

From thigh and inner knee (oxygen poor blood) down right leg

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13
Q

Femoral artery

A

To thigh and inner knee (oxygen rich blood) down left leg

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14
Q

Iliac arteries

A

To pelvic organs, lower abdominal wall (oxygen rich blood)

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15
Q

Abdominal aorta

A

To digestive tract, pelvic organs. (Oxygen rich blood)

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16
Q

Renal artery

A

To kidney (oxygen rich blood)

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17
Q

Brachial artery

A

To arms, hand (oxygen rich blood)

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18
Q

Coronary arteries

A

To cardiac muscle (oxygen rich blood)

19
Q

Pulmonary arteries

A

To lungs (oxygen poor blood)

20
Q

Carotid arteries

A

To brain, neck, head tissue (oxygen rich blood)

21
Q

Which blood vessels are oxygenated and which are deoxygenated?

A

All ARTERIES carry OXYGENATED blood EXCEPT for the PULMONARY ARTERY (carries deoxygenated blood). The PULMONARY VEIN carries oxygenated blood

22
Q

What is the correct sequence for the flow of blood in the human body?

A 
Vena cava 
Right atrium 
Pulmonary capillaries 
Pulmonary vein 
Left ventricle 
Aorta
23
Q

Leukocytes: def. types.

A
  • function in housekeeping and defense
    1. ) neutrophils
    2. ) monocytes
    3. ) lymphocytes
    4. ) eosinophils
    5. ) basophils
24
Q

Neutrophils

A
  • most common
  • pushes cytoplasm
  • phagocytize foreign material
  • active transport
25
Q

Monocytes

A

Large phagocytizing cells
-WBC growth factors

Pus
-dead WBC

26
Q

Lymphocytes

A

T-cells
-attack cells through MHC complex, which contains viruses
B-cells
-antibodies to mark antigens

27
Q

Eosinophils

A

Granular : small sized

Release enzymes for fighting parasites and destroying allergens

28
Q

Basophils

A

Least common

Prevents quick blood clots

Vasodilator histamine- increases blood flow to the tissues

29
Q

Blood vessels

A

Arteries
Arterioles
Capillaries

30
Q

Arteries

A

Main source of oxygenated blood transport.

Heart to elsewhere

Largest

31
Q

Arterioles

A

Diameter adjusted to regulate blood flow

Smaller than arteries, larger than capillaries

32
Q

Capillaries

A

Diffusion occurs across thin walls
Smallest
Site of exchange between blood and interstitial fluid
Flow is flow

33
Q

Blood flow order

A

Capillaries–>venues—> veins

34
Q

Veins layer

A 
Outer
-fibrous 
Middle
-smooth muscle/elastic tissue 
Inner
-endothelium: squamous epith.
35
Q

Lumen

A

Where blood travels

36
Q

Fish

A

Two-chambered heart one circuit

37
Q

Amphibians

A

Three chambered heart

2 atrium, one ventricle

38
Q

Reptiles

A

4-chambered heart

Not fully separated

39
Q

Birds/mammals

A

Four-chambered heart
Fully separated
Is able to keep themselves warm where as the others before them couldn’t

40
Q

Systematic circuit

A 
Longer loop, Carries blood to and from tissues 
Abdominal aorta 
1.) right ventricle 
2.)pulmonary arteries
3.) capillaries beds in lungs 
4.) pulmonary veins
41
Q

Hepatic portal system

A

Blood from digestive organs to liver

Uses capillaries

42
Q

Heart disease risk factors

A 
Smoking 
Genetics
High cholesterol 
Obesity
Lack of exercise 
Diabetes mellitus 
Gender 
Old age
43
Q

Lymph nodes

A

Filter and cleanse the lymph
Purifies blood
Creates defense
-macrophages, dendritic cells, b and T cells

44
Q

3 areas of lymphatic tissues

A

Groin (inguinal)
Neck (cervical)
Armpits (axillary)

Note: no lymph nodes associated with CNS

AP Biology (8 decks)

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