Chapter 8.15 - 8.23

Question 1

what causes genetic diversity

Answer 1

1. crossing over
2. random arrangements of chromosomes pair at metaphase I
3. random fertilization off egg by sperm

Question 2

summarize process of crossing over

Answer 2

in prophase I
homologous chromosomes line up
exchange corresponding segments

Question 3

what is the significance of crossing over

Answer 3

creates genetic diversity

Question 4

nondisjunction

Answer 4

a chromosome pair fails to separate resulting in an abnormal chromosome number

Question 5

what is a possible negative result of nondisjunction

Answer 5

can lead to the fetus not surviving, and can cause different disorders

Question 6

karyotype

Answer 6

photographic inventory of an individual’s chromosomes

Question 7

what kind of information can be taken from a karyotype

Answer 7

if there are any nondisjunctions and what kind

gender

Question 8

how is Down syndrome related to karyotypes

Answer 8

you are able to see Down syndrome by looking at a karyotype

Question 9

how do nondisjunctions on sex chromosomes affect an individual

Answer 9

rarely affects survival
produces gametes with extra or missing sex chromosomes
leads to varying degrees of malfunction in humans

Question 10

deletion

Answer 10

loss of a fragment

Question 11

duplication

Answer 11

addition of a fragment

Question 12

inversions

Answer 12

reattachment of a fragment in reverse

Question 13

translocation

Answer 13

attachment of a chromosomal fragment to a nonhomologous chromosomes; can be reciprocal

Question 14

expanding

Answer 14

section of it is repeated over and over again