Ch. Test 3

Question 1

explain why carbon is “unparalleled in its ability to form large, diverse molecules.”

Answer 1

It can go off in four directions and bond with four other atoms.

Question 2

define hydrocarbons

Answer 2

Hydrocarbons are compounds made of carbons and hydrogens only

Question 3

explain why hydrocarbons are important to living things

Answer 3

They help create macromolecules

Question 4

explain why isomers, which have the same formulae, have different properties.

Answer 4

They have different structural formulas.

Question 5

define isomers

Answer 5

Molecules with identical molecular formulas (the same number of atoms of each element)

Question 6

list the four main classes of macromolecules

Answer 6

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids

Question 7

elements of carbohydrates

Answer 7

CH2O

Question 8

monomers of carbohydrates

Answer 8

monosaccharides

Question 9

purposes of carbohydrates

Answer 9

main fuel for cellular work, use C skeleton to manufacture other organic molecules, provide structure for cells

Question 10

examples of carbohydrates

Answer 10

glucose, maltose, sucrose

Question 11

elements of lipids

Answer 11

mainly C and H (some O)

Question 12

monomers of lipids

Answer 12

glycerol and fatty acids

Question 13

purposes of lipids

Answer 13

E storage, cushions for organs, insulation

Question 14

examples of lipids

Answer 14

fats, oils, waxes

Question 15

elements of proteins

Answer 15

contain HONC

Question 16

monomers of proteins

Answer 16

amino acids

Question 17

purposes of proteins

Answer 17

energy storage, repairs and builds body’s tissues, enzymes speed up chemical reactions

Question 18

examples of proteins

Answer 18

enzymes, eggs, structural proteins, defensive proteins, etc.

Question 19

elements of nucleic acids

Answer 19

contains HONCP

Question 20

monomers of nucleic acids

Answer 20

nucleotides

Question 21

purpose of nucleic acids

Answer 21

blueprints for proteins

Question 22

examples of nucleic acids

Answer 22

DNA and RNA

Question 23

describe the relationship between monomers and polymers

Answer 23

monomers are small molecules, when joined together create larger molecules like polymers. Variety in polymers accounts for uniqueness of each organism however, monomers are universal

Question 24

dehydration synthesis

Answer 24

monomers are joined to form a polymer while a molecule of water is lost

Question 25

hydrolysis

Answer 25

a polymer is broken into monomers when a molecule of water is added

Question 26

explain the importance of enzymes in dehydration synthesis/hydrolysis

Answer 26

an enzyme is used to catalyze the reaction

Question 27

difference between monosaccharides and monomers?

Answer 27

a monomers is the most basic unit of any polymer, while monosaccharides are the most basic unit of any carbohydrate polymer

Question 28

difference between macromolecule and polymer

Answer 28

they are the same thing

Question 29

polypeptide

Answer 29

long chain of amino acids

Question 30

peptic bonds

Answer 30

covalent bonds b/w amino acids

Question 31

the four levels of structure

Answer 31

primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

Question 32

primary structure

Answer 32

unique sequence of amino acids forming polypeptide

Question 33

secondary structure

Answer 33

coiling or folding of chain, stabilized by H bonding - can be an alfa helix or a pleated sheet

Question 34

tertiary structure

Answer 34

overall 3-D shape of a polypeptide

Question 35

quaternary structure

Answer 35

association of 2 or more polypeptide chains called subunits

Question 36

explain the relevance of the denaturing of a protein

Answer 36

shape of polypeptide is changed, it uncoils into a random shape

Question 37

enzymes

Answer 37

proteins that act as biological catalysts

Question 38

explain the importance of enzymes in biology

Answer 38

enzymes are a protein molecule, and they play an important role of speeding up the repairing of cells

Question 39

six functional groups

Answer 39

hydroxyl: -OH (ethanol)
carbonyl: -CO (simple sugar)
carboxyl: -COOH (some acids)
amino: -NH2 (amino acids)
phosphate: -OPO32- (ATP)
methyl: -CH3 (DNA)