chapter 7

Question 1

autotroph

Answer 1

make their own food

Question 2

heterotroph

Answer 2

eat their food

Question 3

photoautotroph

Answer 3

self-energy using light

Question 4

chemoautotroph

Answer 4

use chemical to make ATP

Question 5

palisade mesophyll

Answer 5

where photosynthesis occurs (top)

Question 6

spongy mesophyll

Answer 6

where photosynthesis occurs (bottom)

Question 7

stoma (stomata)

Answer 7

holes on top of leaf used for gas exchange

Question 8

guard cells

Answer 8

two bean shaped cells that surround a stoma and control input and output of gases by regulating the opening and closing of the stoma pores

Question 9

xylem (vein/vascular bundle)

Answer 9

very very skinny tubes that move water up

Question 10

phloem (vein/vascular bundle)

Answer 10

tubes that move glucose from leaves to the rest of the plants

Question 11

parts of the chloroplast

Answer 11

granum (grana), thylakoid, stroma

Question 12

granum (grana)

Answer 12

stacks of thylakoids containing chlorophyll

Question 13

thylakoid

Answer 13

the site of light-dependent reactions

Question 14

stroma

Answer 14

the fluid filling up the inner space of the chloroplast

Question 15

redox reactions in photosynthesis

Answer 15

H20 is oxidized, CO2 is reduced

Question 16

photon

Answer 16

particles of light, smallest unit of light

Question 17

electromagnetic spectrum

Answer 17

the spectrum of wavelengths

Question 18

visible light

Answer 18

photosynthetic organisms use a small portion of electromagnetic spectrum

Question 19

wavelengths that are absorbed

Answer 19

red and blue

Question 20

wave lengths that are reflected

Answer 20

green and yellow

Question 21

two reactions of photosynthesis

Answer 21

light dependent reactions and calvin cycle

Question 22

calvin cycle

Answer 22

occurs in stroma and synthesizes glucose

Question 23

light dependent reactions

Answer 23

occurs in thylakoid and converts light energy to chemical energy

Question 24

photosystem II

Answer 24

contains accessory pigments molecules and chlorophyll

Question 25

chlorophyll

Answer 25

molecules that absorb photons of light

Question 26

steps of light dependent reactions

Answer 26

• in pigment molecules, absorbed light energy excites electrons to a higher state
• photosystems channel energy to reaction center chlorophyll molecule
• will then pass electrons to proteins on thylakoid membrane
• electrons from photosystem II go to ETC
• electrons lost from photosystem II replaced by photolysis (oxidation of water molecule producing electrons and oxygen)
• as electrons go down ETC, energy from electrons pumps stroma to thylakoid, creating concentration gradient
• gradient powers ATP synthase
• low energy electrons leaving photosystem II go to photosystem I
• in photosystem I, low energy electrons are reenergized
• passed to an ETC, reduce NADP+ to NADPH
• NADPH and ATP provided to metabolic pathways in stroma
• NADPH and ATP form during light dependent reactions used to fuel calvin cycle

Question 27

calvin cycle purpose

Answer 27

reduces CO2 to produce carbohydrate glyceraldahyde-3-phosphate

Question 28

3 steps of calvin cycle

Answer 28

1. carbon fixation
2. reduction
3. regeneration

Question 29

carbon fixation

Answer 29

CO2 is attached to the RuBP resulting in a six carbon molecule split that splits into two three carbon molecules

Question 30

reduction

Answer 30

sequence of reactions using electrons from NADPH and some ATP to reduce carbon dioxide

Question 31

regeneration

Answer 31

RuBP is regenerated

Question 32

how many times should the calvin cycle run to make one glucose

Answer 32

six times

Question 33

photosynthesis equation

Answer 33

6CO2 + 6H2O = C6H12O6 + 6O2