Chapter 8 Vocab Flashcards
de jure segregation
segregation that was mandated by law and enforced by government
de facto segregation
the separation of groups that happens even though it is not required or sanctioned by law
Suspect categories
A class of individuals that have been historically subject to discrimination.
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Law signed by President Johnson that prohibited discrimination in public accommodations on the basis of race or sex
NAACP
founded to promote the enforcement of civil rights guaranteed by the 14th and 15th Amendments
litigation
a legal proceeding in a court; a judicial contest to determine and enforce legal rights
24th Amendment
banned paying a tax to vote (poll tax)
Voting Rights Act of 1965
outlawed literacy tests and allowed federal officials to register new voters
office of economic opportunity
set guidelines for equal hiring and education practices
coverture
a legal doctrine that deprived married women of any identity separate from that of their husbands
19th Amendment
granted women the right to vote
Equal Rights Amendment
equal rights cannot be taken away on account of gender
Roe v. Wade, 1973
the Court argued that the due-process clause of the 14th Amendment implies a “right to privacy” that protects a woman’s freedom to “choose” abortion or not during the first three months of pregnancy
Title VII
(Civil Rights Act of 1964) prohibits gender discrimination in employment, and sexual harassment
United States v. Windsor, 2013
the Court struck down a federal law denying benefits to married same-sex couples
Obergefell v. Hodges, 2015
ruled that the 14th Amendment requires states to license a marriage between two people of the same sex
affirmative action
the practice or policy of favoring individuals belonging to groups regarded as disadvantaged or subject to discrimination.
Executive Order No. 10925 (JFK)
companies winning government contracts must “take affirmative action” to ensure that applicants and employees are treated equally “without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin”
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, 1978
held that a university’s admissions criteria which used race as a definite and exclusive basis for an admission decision violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
