Chapter 8 Vocab

Question 1

de jure segregation

Answer 1

segregation that was mandated by law and enforced by government

Question 2

de facto segregation

Answer 2

the separation of groups that happens even though it is not required or sanctioned by law

Question 3

Suspect categories

Answer 3

A class of individuals that have been historically subject to discrimination.

Question 4

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Answer 4

Law signed by President Johnson that prohibited discrimination in public accommodations on the basis of race or sex

Question 5

NAACP

Answer 5

founded to promote the enforcement of civil rights guaranteed by the 14th and 15th Amendments

Question 6

litigation

Answer 6

a legal proceeding in a court; a judicial contest to determine and enforce legal rights

Question 7

24th Amendment

Answer 7

banned paying a tax to vote (poll tax)

Question 8

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Answer 8

outlawed literacy tests and allowed federal officials to register new voters

Question 9

office of economic opportunity

Answer 9

set guidelines for equal hiring and education practices

Question 10

coverture

Answer 10

a legal doctrine that deprived married women of any identity separate from that of their husbands

Question 11

19th Amendment

Answer 11

granted women the right to vote

Question 12

Equal Rights Amendment

Answer 12

equal rights cannot be taken away on account of gender

Question 13

Roe v. Wade, 1973

Answer 13

the Court argued that the due-process clause of the 14th Amendment implies a “right to privacy” that protects a woman’s freedom to “choose” abortion or not during the first three months of pregnancy

Question 14

Title VII

Answer 14

(Civil Rights Act of 1964) prohibits gender discrimination in employment, and sexual harassment

Question 15

United States v. Windsor, 2013

Answer 15

the Court struck down a federal law denying benefits to married same-sex couples

Question 16

Obergefell v. Hodges, 2015

Answer 16

ruled that the 14th Amendment requires states to license a marriage between two people of the same sex

Question 17

affirmative action

Answer 17

the practice or policy of favoring individuals belonging to groups regarded as disadvantaged or subject to discrimination.

Question 18

Executive Order No. 10925 (JFK)

Answer 18

companies winning government contracts must “take affirmative action” to ensure that applicants and employees are treated equally “without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin”

Question 19

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, 1978

Answer 19

held that a university’s admissions criteria which used race as a definite and exclusive basis for an admission decision violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964