Chapter 2 Vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

14th amendment

A

granted citizenship to all people born in US

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2
Q

Affordable Care Act

A

help to reduce the cost of health insurance coverage for lower income families

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3
Q

Americans with Disabilities Act

A

prohibits discrimination based on disability

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4
Q

Block grants

A

fixed sum federal aid with broad flexibility to design and implement designated programs.

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5
Q

Categorical grants

A

The money can only be received if the state or local government complies with certain regulations.

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6
Q

Civil Rights Act, 1964

A

prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin.

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7
Q

Clean Air Act, 1970

A

authorized the development of comprehensive federal and state regulations to limit emissions from both stationary (industrial) sources and mobile sources.

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8
Q

Con-federal systems

A

The central government gets its authority from the independent states.

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9
Q

Cooperative federalism

A

flexible relationship between the federal and state governments in which both work together on a variety of issues and programs

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10
Q

Creeping categorization

A

the upward movement of positions within an organization’s classification system without the commensurate shift in duties and responsibilities.

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11
Q

Cross-cutting sanctions

A

the federal grant must be extended to all activities supported by federal funds.

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12
Q

Crossover sanctions

A

use federal funds in one program to influence state and local policy in another one to the states

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13
Q

Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA)

A

a law restricting gay couples’ equal access to federal benefits that are offered to other married couples such as social security and tax benefits.

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14
Q

DeleGated Powers

A

government powers

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15
Q

Devolution revolution

A

The effort to slow the growth of the federal government by returning many functions to the states

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16
Q

Eminent domain

A

the right of a government or its agent to expropriate private property for public use, with payment of compensation.

17
Q

extradition

A

the removal of a person from a requested state to a requesting state for criminal prosecution or punishment

18
Q

reServed powers

A

State powers

19
Q

Fiscal federalism

A

involves the taxation and distribution of money between the federal government, state, and local government to fund projects

20
Q

“Full faith and credit clause”

A

states that the courts must honor out-of-state laws, regulations, and judgments

21
Q

Gibbons vs Ogden, 1824

A

Congress can regulate interstate commerce

22
Q

Gonzales v. Raich, 2005

A

Congress may criminalize the production and use of homegrown cannabis even if state law allows its use for medicinal purposes

23
Q

Kelo v. City of New London, 2005

A

strengthened property rights

24
Q

Loose construction

A

the view that the Constitution should be broadly interpreted.

25
Q

McCulloch v. Maryland, 1819

A

The “Necessary and Proper” Clause gave Congress the power to establish a national bank.

26
Q

National supremacy

A

the point of view that the national government should have relatively more power than the states.

27
Q

New Federalism

A

a political philosophy of devolution

28
Q

No Child Left Behind (NCLB)

A

The law held schools accountable for how kids learned and achieved

29
Q

Nullification

A

the right of a state to declare null and void a federal law that in the state’s opinion, violated the Constitution

30
Q

Obergefell v. Hodges, 2015

A

same-sex marriage

31
Q

Pork barrel project

A

government spending for localized projects secured solely or primarily to bring money to a representative’s district.

32
Q

State compact/contract

A

“No State shall, without the Consent of Congress, … enter into Any Agreement or Compact with another State, or with a foreign Power.”

33
Q

Strict construction

A

It required that the powers of the national government should be narrowly construed and sharply limited.

34
Q

Supremacy clause

A

Constitution is the supreme law of the land

35
Q

10th amendment

A

the Federal Government only has those powers delegated in the Constitution. If it isn’t listed, it belongs to the states or to the people

36
Q

United States v. Lopez, 1995

A

It upheld the principle that states have control of local issues, like gun possession on school grounds.

37
Q

United States v. Morrison, 2000

A

held that parts of the Violence Against Women Act of 1994

38
Q

United States v. Windsor, 2013

A

Court ruled that Section 3 of DOMA is unconstitutional and that the federal government cannot discriminate against married gay couples for the purposes of determining federal benefits and protections.