Chapter 2 Vocab

Question 1

14th amendment

Answer 1

granted citizenship to all people born in US

Question 2

Affordable Care Act

Answer 2

help to reduce the cost of health insurance coverage for lower income families

Question 3

Americans with Disabilities Act

Answer 3

prohibits discrimination based on disability

Question 4

Block grants

Answer 4

fixed sum federal aid with broad flexibility to design and implement designated programs.

Question 5

Categorical grants

Answer 5

The money can only be received if the state or local government complies with certain regulations.

Question 6

Civil Rights Act, 1964

Answer 6

prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin.

Question 7

Clean Air Act, 1970

Answer 7

authorized the development of comprehensive federal and state regulations to limit emissions from both stationary (industrial) sources and mobile sources.

Question 8

Con-federal systems

Answer 8

The central government gets its authority from the independent states.

Question 9

Cooperative federalism

Answer 9

flexible relationship between the federal and state governments in which both work together on a variety of issues and programs

Question 10

Creeping categorization

Answer 10

the upward movement of positions within an organization’s classification system without the commensurate shift in duties and responsibilities.

Question 11

Cross-cutting sanctions

Answer 11

the federal grant must be extended to all activities supported by federal funds.

Question 12

Crossover sanctions

Answer 12

use federal funds in one program to influence state and local policy in another one to the states

Question 13

Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA)

Answer 13

a law restricting gay couples’ equal access to federal benefits that are offered to other married couples such as social security and tax benefits.

Question 14

DeleGated Powers

Answer 14

government powers

Question 15

Devolution revolution

Answer 15

The effort to slow the growth of the federal government by returning many functions to the states

Question 16

Eminent domain

Answer 16

the right of a government or its agent to expropriate private property for public use, with payment of compensation.

Question 17

extradition

Answer 17

the removal of a person from a requested state to a requesting state for criminal prosecution or punishment

Question 18

reServed powers

Answer 18

State powers

Question 19

Fiscal federalism

Answer 19

involves the taxation and distribution of money between the federal government, state, and local government to fund projects

Question 20

“Full faith and credit clause”

Answer 20

states that the courts must honor out-of-state laws, regulations, and judgments

Question 21

Gibbons vs Ogden, 1824

Answer 21

Congress can regulate interstate commerce

Question 22

Gonzales v. Raich, 2005

Answer 22

Congress may criminalize the production and use of homegrown cannabis even if state law allows its use for medicinal purposes

Question 23

Kelo v. City of New London, 2005

Answer 23

strengthened property rights

Question 24

Loose construction

Answer 24

the view that the Constitution should be broadly interpreted.

Question 25

McCulloch v. Maryland, 1819

Answer 25

The “Necessary and Proper” Clause gave Congress the power to establish a national bank.

Question 26

National supremacy

Answer 26

the point of view that the national government should have relatively more power than the states.

Question 27

New Federalism

Answer 27

a political philosophy of devolution

Question 28

No Child Left Behind (NCLB)

Answer 28

The law held schools accountable for how kids learned and achieved

Question 29

Nullification

Answer 29

the right of a state to declare null and void a federal law that in the state’s opinion, violated the Constitution

Question 30

Obergefell v. Hodges, 2015

Answer 30

same-sex marriage

Question 31

Pork barrel project

Answer 31

government spending for localized projects secured solely or primarily to bring money to a representative's district.

Question 32

State compact/contract

Answer 32

“No State shall, without the Consent of Congress, ... enter into Any Agreement or Compact with another State, or with a foreign Power.”

Question 33

Strict construction

Answer 33

It required that the powers of the national government should be narrowly construed and sharply limited.

Question 34

Supremacy clause

Answer 34

Constitution is the supreme law of the land

Question 35

10th amendment

Answer 35

the Federal Government only has those powers delegated in the Constitution. If it isn't listed, it belongs to the states or to the people

Question 36

United States v. Lopez, 1995

Answer 36

It upheld the principle that states have control of local issues, like gun possession on school grounds.

Question 37

United States v. Morrison, 2000

Answer 37

held that parts of the Violence Against Women Act of 1994

Question 38

United States v. Windsor, 2013

Answer 38

Court ruled that Section 3 of DOMA is unconstitutional and that the federal government cannot discriminate against married gay couples for the purposes of determining federal benefits and protections.