Chapter 8 - User Interface Design Flashcards
A record of the source of each data item and when it entered a system. In addition to recording the original source, an _________ must show how and when data is accessed or changed, and by whom. All these actions must be logged in an _____________ file and monitored carefully.
audit trails
Part of a form that contains any required signatures.
authorization zone
A system that allows a customer to request a fax using email, the company website, or a telephone. The response is transmitted in a matter of seconds back to the user’s fax machine
automated fax
A group of data, usually inputted into an information system at the same time.
batch
A total used to verify batch input. ___________ might check data items such as record counts and numeric field totals. For example, before entering a batch of orders, a user might calculate the total number of orders and the sum of all the order quantities. When the batch of orders is entered, the order system also calculates the same two totals. If the system totals do not match the input totals, then a data entry error has occurred.
Batch controls
A process where data entry is performed on a specified time schedule, such as daily, weekly, monthly, or longer. For example, ____________ occurs when a payroll department collects time cards at the end of the week and enters the data as a batch.
batch input
An online journal. The term is a contraction of “web log.”
blogs
A ____________ allows the user to select a date that the system will display and store as a field value.
calendar control
A report created using a single mono-spaced character set.
character-based reports
Used to select one or more choices from a group. A check mark, or an X, represents selected options.
check boxes
A type of data validation check that is performed on two or more fields to ensure that they are consistent or reasonable when considered together. Even though all the fields involved in a ______________________ might pass their individual validation checks, the combination of the field values might be inconsistent or unreasonable.
combination check
Onscreen button that initiates an action such as printing a form or requesting Help.
command button
A feature that is sensitive to the current conditions when it is invoked. For example, ______________ help offers assistance for a task in progress.
context-sensitive
A ______________ usually causes specific actions to occur, such as printing subtotals for a group of records.
control break
A detail report that focuses on control breaks.
control break report
In a control break report, the records are arranged or sorted in the same order as the _____________.
control field order
Protection of data from loss or damage and recovers data when it is lost or damaged.
data security
A type of data validation check that is used to ensure that a data item fits the required data type. For example, a numeric field must have only numbers or numeric symbols, and an alphabetic field can contain only the characters A through Z or the characters a through z.
data type check
A mechanism to improve input quality by testing the data and rejecting any entry that fails to meet specified conditions.
data validation rule
A value that a system displays automatically.
default value
Creating a prototype of user requirements, after which the prototype is discarded and implementation continues.
design prototyping / throwaway prototyping
A ____________ produces one or more lines of output for each record processed.
detail report
Allows a user to enter information about a task that a system will perform.
dialog box
A network terminal that supports a full-featured user interface but limits the printing or copying of data, except to certain network resources that can be monitored and controlled more easily.
diskless workstation
An electronic record of a patient’s health information generated as the patient encounters various health-care providers and shared among multiple facilities and agencies.
electronic health records (EHRs)
A document displaying only those records that meet a specific condition or conditions. _____________ are useful when the user wants information only on records that might require action but does not need to know the details.
exception report
A type of data validation check that is used for mandatory data items. For example, if an employee record requires a Social Security number, an existence check would not allow the user to save the record until he or she enters a suitable value in the SSN field.
existence check
A very effective method of online data entry where a blank form that duplicates or resembles the source document is completed on the screen. The user enters the data and then moves to the next field.
form filling
The physical appearance and placement of data on a form. ____________ makes the form easy to complete and provides enough space, both vertically and horizontally, for users to enter the data.
form layout
The concept that the quality of the output is only as good as the quality of the input.
garbage in, garbage out (GIGO)
The use of graphical objects and techniques allowing users to communicate with a system. A well-designed ___ can help users learn a new system rapidly and work with the system effectively.
graphical user interface (GUI)
Not meaningful numbers themselves but are useful for comparison purposes.
hash totals / batch control totals
A description of the relationship between computers and the people who use them to perform business-related tasks. ___ concepts apply to everything from a PC desktop to the main menu for a global network.
human-computer interaction (HCI)
The necessary measures to ensure that input data is correct, complete, and secure. A systems analyst must focus on ____________ during every phase of input design, starting with source documents that promote data accuracy and quality.
input control
Template or pattern that makes it easier for users to enter data. Often used in automated forms to guide an unfamiliar user.
input mask
Occurs when a validation check involves a minimum or a maximum value, but not both. Checking that a payment amount is greater than zero, but not specifying a maximum value, is an example of a ______________.
limit check
An output mechanism that displays a list of choices that the user can select.
list boxes
A set of user-selectable software application options, usually located across the top of the screen.
menu bars
When designing a report, a sample report is prepared, which is a ______, or prototype, for users to review. The sample should include typical field values and contain enough records to show all the design features.
mock-up
A _________ consists of related program code organized into small units that are easy to understand and maintain. A complex program could have hundreds or even thousands of modules.
modules
A software feature that allows users to type commands or requests in normal English (or other language) phrases.
natural language
A data entry method used for most business activity. The online method offers major advantages, including the immediate validation and availability of data.
online data entry
Radio buttons that represent groups of options. The user can select only one option at a time; a selected option contains a black dot.
option button
Methods to maintain output integrity and security. For example, every report should include an appropriate title, report number or code, printing date, and time period covered. Reports should have pages that are numbered consecutively, identified as Page xx of xx, and the end of the report should be labeled clearly.
output control
_______________ protects privacy rights and shields the organization’s proprietary data from theft or unauthorized access.
output security
Appears at the bottom of the page and is used to display the name of the report and the page number.
page footer
Appears at the top of the page and includes the column headings that identify the data.
page header
A web-based broadcast that allows a user to receive audio or multimedia files using music player software such as iTunes, and listen to them on a PC or download them to a portable MP3 player or smart phone.
podcast
The method by which a prototype is developed. It involves a repetitive sequence of analysis, design, modeling, and testing. It is a common technique that can be used to design anything from a new home to a computer network.
prototyping
Buttons that represent groups of options. The user can select only one option at a time; a selected option contains a black dot.
radio button
An input device used in source data automation.
radio frequency identification(RFID) tags
A type of data validation check that tests data items to verify that they fall between a specified minimum and maximum value. The daily hours worked by an employee, for example, must fall within the range of 0 to 24.
range check
A type of data validation check that identifies values that are questionable but not necessarily wrong. For example, input payment values of $0.05 and $5,000,000.00 both pass a simple limit check for a payment value greater than zero, and yet both values could be errors.
reasonableness check
Rules designed to meet all legal requirements and business needs for keeping records.
records retention policy
Appears at the end of the report, can include grand totals for numeric fields and other end-of-report information.
report footer
Appears at the beginning of a report and identifies the report as well as the report title, date, and other necessary information.
report header
In user interface design, a ___________ allows the user to move through the available choices for an input field.
scroll bar
A type of data validation check that is used when the data must be in some predetermined sequence. If the user must enter work orders in numerical sequence, for example, then an out-of-sequence order number indicates an error. If the user must enter transactions chronologically, then a transaction with an out-of-sequence date indicates an error.
sequence check
A popular online input method that combines online data entry and automated data capture using input devices such as magnetic data strips or swipe scanners.
source data automation
A form used to request and collect input data, trigger or authorize an input action, and provide a record of the original transaction. During the input design stage, you develop _______________ that are easy to complete and inexpensive.
source document
A report used by individuals at higher levels in the organization that includes less detail than reports used by lower-level employees.
summary report
The use of command buttons in a user interface to enable users to navigate a system and select from groups of related tasks.
switchboard
Producing a full-featured, working model of the information system being developed.
system prototyping
A GUI element used to represent on or off status. Clicking the ______________ switches to the other status.
toggle button
A GUI element that contains icons or buttons that represent shortcuts for executing common commands.
toolbar
If a form has data totals, they will appear in this section of the form.
totals zone
A user interface that users don’t really notice—a user-friendly interface that does not distract the user and calls no attention to itself.
transparent interface
Output document that is later entered back into the same or another information system. A telephone or utility bill, for example, might be a ____________ printed by the company’s billing system. When the bill is returned with payment, it is scanned into the company’s accounts receivable system to record the payment accurately.
turnaround documents
In user interface design, includes user satisfaction, support for business functions, and system effectiveness.
usability
Data that interface designers can obtain by using software that can record and measure user interactions with the system.
usability metrics
A term that indicates the primary focus is upon the user. In a _________ system, the distinction blurs between input, output, and the interface itself.
user-centered
The mechanism through which the user interacts with the system. The interface can be graphical, textual, aural, or a combination of different modes of interaction.
user interface (UI)
A type of data validation check that is used for data items that must have certain values. For example, if an inventory system has 20 valid item classes, then any input item that does not match one of the valid classes will fail the check.
validity check
A one-way transmission of information or training materials, such as a Webinar session, available on demand or for a specific period to online participants.
webcast
