Chapter 8: The sans-culottes & the collapse of the constitutional experiment Flashcards
Name some features of the sans-culottes
- working class left wing supporters
- idolised Danton & Marat
- support radical policies
- took major role in revolution from 1792
What happened on the Journee of 20 June 1792?
- sans-culottes march to Tuileries with petitions for Louis to rescind vetoes (despite him wearing bonnet rouge) he didn’t rescind them
What were some consequences of the 20 June 1792 journee?
- (28 June 1792) Lafayette leaves troops to go to Assembly to demand actions against protesters
- (11 July 1792) La Patrie en danger issued that called men to join war effort after French retreated
What was the Brunswick Manifesto (1 August 1792)? How did affect the people?
made by commander of enemy army saying that if King was harmed then all French captors would be killed
This made people distrust the monarchy more and gave them fuel to get rid of it
What undermined the constitutional monarchy June - August 1792?
- Journee of 20 June
- Lafayette’s speech to assembly demanding protesters were punished
- La Patrie en danger
- Brunswick Manifesto
- Robespierre’s speech for republic France
- Arrival of federes
What contributed to the peoples bad relationship with the monarchy?
- vetoes on decrees against ‘traitors’
- Flight to Varennes
- threat of invasion from foreign powers
- Brunswick Manifesto
What was the course of the Journee of 10 August 1792?
Tuileries Palace was stormed, Louis attempted to take shelter in LA building, but eventually revolutionaries took control of Paris
Revolutionaries removed monarchy and took them to Temple Prison
Why was the Journee of 10 August significant? (what did it lead to?)
- Vetoed laws came into force
- establishment of insurrectionary commune
- King imprisoned and suspended
- Assembly passes decrees (divorce legalised, no compensation to feudal lords)
- New convention announced
What were the September Massacres 1792?
- a series of murderous riots in Paris where targets were city prisons
Who endorsed September Massacres? What was it endorsed as?
- radical Jacobins eg. Robespierre
- justified as a legitimate revolutionary act
Why did September Massacres occur?
- Austro-Prussian invasion (last block in path to capital invaded)
- If counter revolutionaries in Paris prisons are dead people feel their families will be safe if they join war effort
What was the outcome of the September Massacres?
- Girondins blamed Jacobins for inciting violence
- Assembly seen as weak
- Radical leaders such as Danton and Robespierre became more popular
How did Danton reduce panic in 1792?
- (30 August) house searches for weapons of ill disposed
- (2nd September) levee enforcing conscription
- hired spies
- passed laws to arrest anyone against revolution
How much power did Danton have 1792?
He had established Insurrectionary Commune & elected by LA to Provisional Executive Council so were at centre of power in 1792
What were the 3 bodies of power after August 1792?
- LA: lacked authority & takes orders from IC
- Provisional Executive Council: 6 man council where Danton is a minister of justice
- Insurrectionary Commune: seized power in Paris
