Chapter 7: Reaction to change at home and abroad Flashcards
Why were political clubs an important and influential feature of the revolution?
- source of ideas
- vehicle for pressuring government as delivered their views to Assembly
- membership ranged from Assembly members to artisans
What were some features of political clubs?
- established bases in Paris
- discussed political issues, policies
- produced pamphlets to spread ideas
What was the noble faction known for?
- defended monarchy
- royalist publication (‘L’ami du Roi’)
What was the Society of 89 known for?
- founded by Sieyes
- supported constitutional monarchy
- high entry fee so many wealthy moderates (Lafayette, Bailly)
What was the Jacobin party known for early on?
- set up in 1789
- mainly bourgoisie as high membership fees
What was the Cordeliers Club known for?
- minimal entry fee
- membership open to all (even women)
- Marat was a member
- Danton & Desmouslins founded
- radical ideas
- linked to more clubs in 1790
What was Marat’s paper?
“L’ami du Peuple”
- popular and influential with working people
What was Hebert’s paper?
“Le Pere Duchesne”
- popular with workers
- humour
What was the Jacobin party known for from 1791?
- more radical (so some left to create Feuillant Club)
- fees reduced so more variety in membership
What was the National Guard?
- citizens militia to keep order during unrest in mid 1789
- loyal to National Assembly & bourgeoisie revolution
- commanded by Lafayette
What was the Saint Cloud Incident?
Louis an family wanted to go to mass with a refractory priest for Easter but weren’t allowed to leave Tuileries due to a mob
What was the Flight to Varennes?
- Louis and family attempted to flee but were captured
When was the Flight to Varennes?
20-21 June 1791
What did the citizens think of Louis after the Flight to Varennes?
- disrespect (kept their hats on)
- deepened social divisions as Louis undermined new constitution
- political clubs and radical press call for abdication of King and a republic
Why did Louis try to flee Tuileries?
- prisoner
- civil constitution of clergy challenged his beliefs
- Saint Cloud incident
What was the Champ de Mars Massacre?
- Parisians gathered on Champ de Mars on 17 July 1791 to sign petitions to dissolve monarchy and form republic
- National Guard were sent there and opened fire on protesters, 50 killed
What were the 3 main factors influencing Parisian mobs by 1791? What did people think the people’s stance on the King was?
- Political Clubs (so citizens can understand politics)
- Economics (bread prices raised)
- Radical Press
- People thought he was against the revolution
When was Declaration of Pillnitz?
27 August 1791
What was the Declaration of Pillnitz?
HRE & King of Prussia threaten to declare war on France to stop revolution and regain King’s power
Name 3 policies that the King vetoed that showed people the King did not support revolution
- decree against emigres (9 Nov 1791)
- decree demanding refractory priests take oath or be traitors (29 Nov 1791)
- decree against federe camp
What was Louis’ opinion on the Declaration of Pillnitz?
Benefit either way:
- gains power if Austria win
- gain popularity and respect from Nation
What was the Girondin opinion of the Declaration of Pillnitz?
Pro-war as wanted to export revolution across Europe, to gain public support, to consolidate their own power
How did the Declaration of Pillnitz affect people’s view from the monarch?
More mistrust for the monarch as it talked about him gaining power
Why was the French army divided during the war?
- ‘Blues’ (volunteer batallion) didn’t trust ‘Whites’ (old royal army) or commanders Louis appointed
When was war declared?
April 1792
Why was French army troubled?
- no money meant lack of weapons
- Army was split
- Federes started radicalising the army
