Chapter 7: Reaction to change at home and abroad

Question 1

Why were political clubs an important and influential feature of the revolution?

Answer 1

• source of ideas
• vehicle for pressuring government as delivered their views to Assembly
• membership ranged from Assembly members to artisans

Question 2

What were some features of political clubs?

Answer 2

• established bases in Paris
• discussed political issues, policies
• produced pamphlets to spread ideas

Question 3

What was the noble faction known for?

Answer 3

• defended monarchy

- royalist publication (‘L’ami du Roi’)

Question 4

What was the Society of 89 known for?

Answer 4

• founded by Sieyes
• supported constitutional monarchy
• high entry fee so many wealthy moderates (Lafayette, Bailly)

Question 5

What was the Jacobin party known for early on?

Answer 5

• set up in 1789

- mainly bourgoisie as high membership fees

Question 6

What was the Cordeliers Club known for?

Answer 6

• minimal entry fee
• membership open to all (even women)
• Marat was a member
• Danton & Desmouslins founded
• radical ideas
• linked to more clubs in 1790

Question 7

What was Marat’s paper?

Answer 7

“L’ami du Peuple”

- popular and influential with working people

Question 8

What was Hebert’s paper?

Answer 8

“Le Pere Duchesne”

• popular with workers
• humour

Question 9

What was the Jacobin party known for from 1791?

Answer 9

• more radical (so some left to create Feuillant Club)

- fees reduced so more variety in membership

Question 10

What was the National Guard?

Answer 10

• citizens militia to keep order during unrest in mid 1789
• loyal to National Assembly & bourgeoisie revolution
• commanded by Lafayette

Question 11

What was the Saint Cloud Incident?

Answer 11

Louis an family wanted to go to mass with a refractory priest for Easter but weren’t allowed to leave Tuileries due to a mob

Question 12

What was the Flight to Varennes?

Answer 12

• Louis and family attempted to flee but were captured

Question 13

When was the Flight to Varennes?

Answer 13

20-21 June 1791

Question 14

What did the citizens think of Louis after the Flight to Varennes?

Answer 14

• disrespect (kept their hats on)
• deepened social divisions as Louis undermined new constitution
• political clubs and radical press call for abdication of King and a republic

Question 15

Why did Louis try to flee Tuileries?

Answer 15

• prisoner
• civil constitution of clergy challenged his beliefs
• Saint Cloud incident

Question 16

What was the Champ de Mars Massacre?

Answer 16

• Parisians gathered on Champ de Mars on 17 July 1791 to sign petitions to dissolve monarchy and form republic
• National Guard were sent there and opened fire on protesters, 50 killed

Question 17

What were the 3 main factors influencing Parisian mobs by 1791? What did people think the people’s stance on the King was?

Answer 17

• Political Clubs (so citizens can understand politics)
• Economics (bread prices raised)
• Radical Press
• People thought he was against the revolution

Question 18

When was Declaration of Pillnitz?

Answer 18

27 August 1791

Question 19

What was the Declaration of Pillnitz?

Answer 19

HRE & King of Prussia threaten to declare war on France to stop revolution and regain King’s power

Question 20

Name 3 policies that the King vetoed that showed people the King did not support revolution

Answer 20

• decree against emigres (9 Nov 1791)
• decree demanding refractory priests take oath or be traitors (29 Nov 1791)
• decree against federe camp

Question 21

What was Louis’ opinion on the Declaration of Pillnitz?

Answer 21

Benefit either way:

• gains power if Austria win
• gain popularity and respect from Nation

Question 22

What was the Girondin opinion of the Declaration of Pillnitz?

Answer 22

Pro-war as wanted to export revolution across Europe, to gain public support, to consolidate their own power

Question 23

How did the Declaration of Pillnitz affect people’s view from the monarch?

Answer 23

More mistrust for the monarch as it talked about him gaining power

Question 24

Why was the French army divided during the war?

Answer 24

• ‘Blues’ (volunteer batallion) didn’t trust ‘Whites’ (old royal army) or commanders Louis appointed

Question 25

When was war declared?

Answer 25

April 1792

Question 26

Why was French army troubled?

Answer 26

• no money meant lack of weapons
• Army was split
• Federes started radicalising the army