Chapter 15: Military Campaigns & Expansion abroad Flashcards
1
Q
How did Napoleon’s reputation grow?
A
- Napoleon shut down Coup of Vendemaire (made him Commander of Army) and Toulon revolt
- turned the tide of the war (French success 1795-6 as peace with Netherlands, Spain + Prussia, defeat of Italy and Austria)
- people saw him as a national hero
2
Q
What was the Treaty of Campo-Formio?
A
- Napoleon negotiated without Directory’s approval
- successfully ended War of First coalition
3
Q
Why is Napoleon negotiating Campo Formio without directory consent significant?
A
- undermines Directory
- present N as leader of France
- increased army support
4
Q
When was the Treaty of Campo-Formio?
A
October 1797
5
Q
What terms of the Campo-Formio were most significant?
A
- Austria recognising Cisalpine Republic as they had their own Directory
6
Q
Why did Napoleon want to conquer Egypt?
A
- undermine Britain’s access to India
- establish French presence in Middle East
- area in disorder so thought to be an easy win
7
Q
How did Egyptian Campaign change views of both Directory and Napoleon?
A
- D had little to do with war so seemed weak
- Napoleon seen as ‘absolute leader’ despite failure in Egypt
8
Q
Describe the main events of the Egyptian Campaign
A
- (July 1798) French success at Battle of Pyramids
- (August 1798) Defeat at Battle of Nile, but Napoleon was unphased by it
- (Mar 1799) Siege of Jaffa, where N executed 2000 prisoners
- (Mar-May 1799) Siege of Acre, failure
9
Q
What did Napoleon do to the military to make it more effective?
A
- improved army organisation in Italian campaign
- introduced forced marches so they could cover large distances quickly
- Living off the land introduced which enabled them to take superior battle positions and improve speed
- N was very charismatic so cultivated men through speeches
- promoted officers on talent not title
