Chapter 10: Internal & External War Flashcards
What contributed to the failure of the French war effort?
- not well funded so lacked necessities
- France can’t defend colonies as debt so lose them so can’t fund war
How did the defections of Dumouriez & Lafayette impact the French Army?
- lowered morale
- supporters and soldiers of defectors are conflicted
Describe the failures of the French Army & War Progress (Feb 1792 - Aug 1792)
- Feb 1792: HRE and Prussia become allies
- April 1792: War of First Coalition begins, both French Armies retreat from Belgium after invading
- August 1792: Lafayette defects, Prussians take Longwy
Describe the successes of the French Army (Sept 1792 - Dec 1792)
- Sep & Oct 1792: French victory at Valmy, Verdun & Longwy
- Nov 1792: Edict of Fraternity (promise assistance to people wishing to recover liberty), French take a lot of land
Describe the failures of the French Army (Feb 1793 - July 1793)
- Feb 1793: France declares war on GB, Vendee rebellion
- April 1793: Dumouriez defects
- May 1793: uprsings in Lyons etc.
- June 1793: British blockade of ports
- July 1793: A lot of French land lost
How did the CGS centralise power (Oct 1792)?
- meant to be responsible for justice
- reduced no. of deputies from 30 to 12
Centralised power as:
- all judiciary had to report to Paris
How did representatives-en-mission centralise power and increase fear in France (March 1793)?
- representatives appointed to ensure loyalty and functioning of departements
Centralised power as:
- Paris gave reps unlimited power (increased fear) and they reported everything back to Paris
How did the revolutionary tribunal centralise power and increase fear (March 1793)?
- Centralised power as selected by Convention
- Increased fear as counter-revolutionaries punished if disgree with govt. and have no rights (Year III constitution has no declaration of rights of man and citizen)
How did the decree that rebels under arms should be executed without appeal increase fear (March 1793)?
- people couldn’t rebel against the govt.
What was the CPS (April 1793) and how did centralise power in France?
- responsible for war conduct, army control etc.
- Centralised as based in Paris and all decisions had to be passed through the committee
What was the state of the sans-culottes in 1793?
- SC wanted secure bread prices and wages
Why did the radicals dislike the Girondins?
- favoured decentralisation
- arrested Marat in an attempt to discredit him
How did SC increase power (April 1793 - June 1793)?
- 24 April 1793: Girondins lost to SC as Marat acquitted
- 4 May 1793: Law of General Maximum (appease SC)
- 25 May 1793: Paris Commune supports SC by demanding Hebert’s release
- May-June 1793: 100,000 SC demand arrest of Girondins, Robespierre moves that Girondin deputies expelled & arrested
Describe the successes and failures of the external war in 1793
Failures:
- Feb 1793: France declared war on Britain & Netherlands
- March 1793: HRE, Portugal etc. declare war against France
- August 1793: Sieges on Dunkirk & the Rhine
Successes:
- Sept 1793: Siege on Dunkirk ended + French successes
- December 1793: French victories in Rhine
Describe the successes and failures of the internal war in 1793
Failures:
- August 1793: Rebels invite British to Toulon
Successes:
- August 1793: Republicans lay siege on Lyon and crush rebels in Marseilles
- Oct 1793: Lyon surrenders, Republicans defeat Vendeean rebels, Marseilles recaptured
- Dec 1793: Toulon retaken from royalists
