Chapter 8 - The Circulatory System Flashcards
What is the human transport system called?
The circulatory system.
Why do organisms need a transport system?
To carry substances around their bodies.
Name the organs and tissues that make up the circulatory system.
The blood
The blood vessels
The heart
What is blood?
A liquid that carries substances to and from our cells.
Name the blood vessels through which blood flows.
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
Name the 3 functions of blood.
1) It transports substances such as oxygen and, digested food and waste materials.
2) Blood destroys harmful bacteria and viruses and protects us from infection. Blood can also clot when we cut ourselves to keep out harmful bacteria and viruses.
3) Blood plays a part in keeping our body temperature constant. Chemical reactions that take place on our cells produce heat energy that blood carries around our body.
What is normal human body temperature?
37 degrees centigrade
What is the name of the liquid component of the blood?
Plasma
Name the 3 kinds of blood cells.
1) Red blood cells
2) White blood cells
3) Platelets
What is the function of plasma?
To transport substances and heat.
What is in red blood cells that causes them to pick up oxygen?
Haemoglobin
What is the function of red blood cells?
To transport oxygen.
What is the function of white blood cells?
To produce anti-bodies to fight disease.
What are platelets?
Tiny fragments of larger cells.
What is the function of platelets?
To clot the blood.
In which direction do arteries carry blood?
Away from the heart
In which direction do veins carry blood?
To the heart
What are capillaries?
Tiny blood vessels that link arteries to veins.
What is the function of the heart?
To pump blood around the body.
Name the veins and arteries attached to the heart in sequence from right to left.
1) Vena Cava
2) Pulmonary Artery
3) Aorta
4) Pulmonary Vein
Where does the vena cava carry blood?
It carries deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart.
Where does the pulmonary artery carry blood?
It carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.
Where does the aorta carry blood?
It carries oxygenated blood from the heart around the body.
Where does the pulmonary vein carry blood?
It carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
Describe the physical properties of an artery.
Arteries have thick walls and small lumens. They have no valves.
What kind of blood do arteries carry?
Arteries normally carry oxygen rich blood away from the heart under high pressure.
What kind of blood do veins carry?
Veins usually carry oxygen deficient blood under low pressure to the heart.
Describe the physical properties of veins.
Veins have thin walls and large lumens. Veins have valves to prevent the back flow of blood.
Describe the physical properties of capillaries.
Capillaries have a tiny wall (1 cell thick) and a tiny lumen.
What is the average heart rate of an adult.
70bpm
Name 3 factors that influence heart rate.
1) Age
2) Sex
3) Fitness
What effect does exercise have on the pulse rate? Why?
Exercise causes the pulse rate to increase because we need more oxygen to get to our cells. The blood transports oxygen therefore our pulse must increase.
