Chapter 8 - The Circulatory System

Question 1

What is the human transport system called?

Answer 1

The circulatory system.

Question 2

Why do organisms need a transport system?

Answer 2

To carry substances around their bodies.

Question 3

Name the organs and tissues that make up the circulatory system.

Answer 3

The blood
The blood vessels
The heart

Question 4

What is blood?

Answer 4

A liquid that carries substances to and from our cells.

Question 5

Name the blood vessels through which blood flows.

Answer 5

Arteries
Veins
Capillaries

Question 6

Name the 3 functions of blood.

Answer 6

1) It transports substances such as oxygen and, digested food and waste materials.
2) Blood destroys harmful bacteria and viruses and protects us from infection. Blood can also clot when we cut ourselves to keep out harmful bacteria and viruses.
3) Blood plays a part in keeping our body temperature constant. Chemical reactions that take place on our cells produce heat energy that blood carries around our body.

Question 7

What is normal human body temperature?

Answer 7

37 degrees centigrade

Question 8

What is the name of the liquid component of the blood?

Answer 8

Plasma

Question 9

Name the 3 kinds of blood cells.

Answer 9

1) Red blood cells
2) White blood cells
3) Platelets

Question 10

What is the function of plasma?

Answer 10

To transport substances and heat.

Question 11

What is in red blood cells that causes them to pick up oxygen?

Answer 11

Haemoglobin

Question 12

What is the function of red blood cells?

Answer 12

To transport oxygen.

Question 13

What is the function of white blood cells?

Answer 13

To produce anti-bodies to fight disease.

Question 14

What are platelets?

Answer 14

Tiny fragments of larger cells.

Question 15

What is the function of platelets?

Answer 15

To clot the blood.

Question 16

In which direction do arteries carry blood?

Answer 16

Away from the heart

Question 17

In which direction do veins carry blood?

Answer 17

To the heart

Question 18

What are capillaries?

Answer 18

Tiny blood vessels that link arteries to veins.

Question 19

What is the function of the heart?

Answer 19

To pump blood around the body.

Question 20

Name the veins and arteries attached to the heart in sequence from right to left.

Answer 20

1) Vena Cava
2) Pulmonary Artery
3) Aorta
4) Pulmonary Vein

Question 21

Where does the vena cava carry blood?

Answer 21

It carries deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart.

Question 22

Where does the pulmonary artery carry blood?

Answer 22

It carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.

Question 23

Where does the aorta carry blood?

Answer 23

It carries oxygenated blood from the heart around the body.

Question 24

Where does the pulmonary vein carry blood?

Answer 24

It carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.

Question 25

Describe the physical properties of an artery.

Answer 25

Arteries have thick walls and small lumens. They have no valves.

Question 26

What kind of blood do arteries carry?

Answer 26

Arteries normally carry oxygen rich blood away from the heart under high pressure.

Question 27

What kind of blood do veins carry?

Answer 27

Veins usually carry oxygen deficient blood under low pressure to the heart.

Question 28

Describe the physical properties of veins.

Answer 28

Veins have thin walls and large lumens. Veins have valves to prevent the back flow of blood.

Question 29

Describe the physical properties of capillaries.

Answer 29

Capillaries have a tiny wall (1 cell thick) and a tiny lumen.

Question 30

What is the average heart rate of an adult.

Answer 30

70bpm

Question 31

Name 3 factors that influence heart rate.

Answer 31

1) Age
2) Sex
3) Fitness

Question 32

What effect does exercise have on the pulse rate? Why?

Answer 32

Exercise causes the pulse rate to increase because we need more oxygen to get to our cells. The blood transports oxygen therefore our pulse must increase.