chapter 8 test

Question 1

What were the events leading up to Muhammad’s urging to have Arabs give up pagan gods and worship the one true God?

Answer 1

He noticed the greed present in meccan society, and also was supposedly spoken to by the angel Gabriel when he was meditating in a cave, telling him to become the messenger of god. Kidijah then encouraged him to do so. He began to urge Arabs to give up pagan gods and worship the one true god

Question 2

Muhammad destroyed the idols housed in the where? He then rededicated it to where making it the holiest place in the newly founded monotheistic religion of Islam.

Answer 2

Kaaba and Allah

Question 3

What are the fundamental duties comprising the Pillars of Islam?

Answer 3

Declaration of faith,
pray 5 times a day,
give charity to the poor,
fast from sunrise to sunset during Ramadan,
make pilgrimage to Mecca

Question 4

Are men and women equal SPIRITUALLY under Islam? Is this the same as having equal rights?

Answer 4

Yes, they are spiritually equal. But they don’t have equal rights. they have a harder time coming into an inheritance and getting a divorce

Question 5

What did Abu Bakr say to keep restless Muslims united after Muhammad’s death, allowing him to spread Islam among the remaining Arab tribes? (It has to do with worshipping someone.)

Answer 5

Abu Bakr said “if you worship Muhammad, muhammad is dead. if you worship god, god is alive”

Question 6

What are the differences between Sunni and Shiite (Shia) Muslims related to who should lead Islam?

Answer 6

Shitties (Shia) believed that muhammads son in law, Ali, and his descenadants should be muhammad’s successor. Sunni’s believed that any good follower of Muhammad could be his successor(Male).

Question 7

Remember the following order of events:

Answer 7

Muhammad dies
Abu Bakr unifies followers
Arab Muslims defeat Byzantines and Persians
Umayyad Caliphate established
Abbasid Caliphate established.

Question 8

The Islamic Empire grew steadily until it reached its height during the ______, then declined in size.

Answer 8

Umayyad Caliphate

Question 9

Trade helped spread Islam across a wide area spanning several continents. BUT how was trade viewed by Muslim society? Did they respect merchants? Why did they have this view?

Answer 9

Trade was respected by Muslim society and given the ability to expand into Europe and AFrica. Muslims respected Merchants because Muhammad was a merchant. Muhammad was a merchant and sheepherder, therefore, there is lots of respect towards them.

Question 10

Where in Medieval Europe was religious tolerance allowed to result in the exchange of art, religion, important ideas through commerce among peoples of the three monotheistic Abrahamic faiths? What faith ruled over this particular region at the time?

Answer 10

medieval spain, islam ruled over the area but tolerated by other faiths

Question 11

What was “The Rubaiyat” by Omar Khayyam?

Answer 11

A collection of four stanzas. Reflecting on fate and the fleeting nature of life. It has nothing to do with math or science. Khayyam meditates on fate and fleeting nature of life

Question 12

What Muslim empire saw the deepest EASTWARD expansion into Asia of Islamic rule? See map on page 303.

Answer 12

the safavid empire

Question 13

What are some of the major political effects of the Ottoman siege of Constantinople?

Answer 13

marked end of Byzatine empire, renamed constantinople to istanbul, became center of muslim culture, and introduced gunpowder into the West

Question 14

Which geographical feature of NORTH Africa most likely presented a barrier to the Bantu migrations?

Answer 14

Sahara desert most likely caused Bantu to migrate south

Question 15

Why was Nubia a strategically located center of wealth, trade, and commerce?

Answer 15

It was part of the 3 way trade triangle strategically located center of wealth, trade, and commerce.
It controlled over southern half of the Nile river had access to the red sea

Question 16

Mansa Musa was a devoted man of faith and charity whose kingdom was rich in wealth and in culture. What evidence from his life backs this claim—what did he famously do?

Answer 16

Documents of Mansa Musa’s pilgrimage to Mecca demonstrate his abundant wealth and how he donated it to the poor. It is said that Mansa Musa destabilized the economy of the city of Cairo then inflated their currency through the donations of his wealth. He went on a grand pilgrimage to mecca in 1320, and built mosques along the way

Question 17

The uneven distribution of natural resources promoted trade between the Sahara and other parts of West Africa. Often one pound of ___________ was traded for one pound of _____.

Answer 17

salt; gold

Question 18

Control over WHAT caused the West African kingdom of Ghana to grow powerful, wealthy, and to incorporate Islamic values and ideas in its society and government?

Answer 18

salt and gold trade routes

Question 19

Ocean travel on the Indian Ocean helped to connect different cultures, leading to greater understanding and tolerance of new traditions and ideas in East Africa. What famous 30-year voyage of the medieval era demonstrates this?

Answer 19

the travels of Ibn Battuta. Ibn Batutta connected different cultures within africa and brought new progress and tolerance for different people within africa.

Question 20

In what two places in Eastern Africa did Christianity play a major cultural and political role?

Answer 20

Kingdoms of Ethiopia and axum

Question 21

Modern inhabitants of Zimbabwe honor their heritage by using the symbol of a ____ on their ____to represent their nation.

Answer 21

bird; flag

Question 22

What makes the Swahili language a valid example supporting the conclusion that East Africa’s geographic proximity to the coast affected its culture?

Answer 22

blend between the Bantu and arabic languages(the name Swahili means of the coast)

Question 23

Griots were a combination of advisors, historians, and entertainers charged with preserving rich oral traditions for future generations. What do oral traditions help to preserve?

Answer 23

Histories, languages, stories, cultures, almost everything from one generation to the next

Question 24

What was a core social factor that gave people a sense of community and shared responsibility in medieval African culture?

Answer 24

An extended lineage because people can trace their history back to a common ancestor, in some cases hundreds of years ago.

Question 25

What factor allowed the ancient kingdom of Ghana to become so successful?

Answer 25

The kingdom’s location is where the gold and salt trade routes were on the broad “V” made by the Niger and Senegal rivers.

Question 26

Describe the Five Pillars of Islam in your own words.

Answer 26

They’re five responsibilities that every muslim is obligated to fulfill.
Profession of faith, prayer, alms, fasting, pilgrimage are the five pillars and is what every Islam follows.

Question 27

Evaluate/write the importance of the Quran to Muslims.

Answer 27

It contains the sacred word of God revealed to Muhammad. Muslims believe it is the direct, unchangeable word of God. Every muslim is expected to learn the quran. Teaches Muslims about God’s will and his guide for people in life.

Question 28

Analyze the role the Quran played on Islamic art and architecture in the Muslim world.

Answer 28

Since the Quran banned worshipping idols, it kept religious art from portraying God or human figures, giving Islamic art a distinctive style compared to other art. They used calligraphy(fancy writing) in their art.

Question 29

How did Islam affect the kingdoms of Mali and Songhai?

Answer 29

mali and songhai adopted some aspects of islam while still practicing their traditional religion

Question 30

Summarize traditional African religious beliefs that were unaffected by outside influences such as Islam or Christianity.

Answer 30

some of the beliefs that were unaffected included ancestor worship and the belief that all objects on earth are filled with a living spirit