Chapter 8: Static Assessment Flashcards
Which muscles are commonly overactive/shortened for many people?
Pec Minor, Lats, Psoas, Gastroc, cervicals, levator, scalenes, SCM, upper Traps, hamstrings, adductors pirformance, QL, rectus femoris, soleus, TFL
Which muscles are commonly underactive/lengthened for many people?
Deep cervical flexors, middle & lower traps, Serratus, rhomboids, glute max & min, peroneals, rectus abdom, vastus med & lat, Tib anter & posterior, transverse abdomin
What is an example of Incomplete Rehabilitation:
Injured athlete whose insurance only covered four therapy visits.
Example of habitual Repetitive Movements:
Swimmer competing in the front crawl.
Example of acute Injuries:
Football player who sprained an ankle last season.
Example of chronic Subacute Postures:
Office worker in front of a computer all day.
What are the 5 Kinetic Chain Checkpoints?
- Foot and ankle
- Knee
- Lumbo-pelvic-hip complex (LPHC)
- Shoulders and thoracic spine
- Head and cervical spine
Anterior view of 5 Kinetic Chain Checkpoints: Foot and ankle Knee Lumbo-pelvic-hip complex (LPHC) Shoulders and thoracic spine Head and cervical spine
Foot and ankle: Straight and parallel, not flattened or externally rotated
Knees: In line with the second and third toes, not valgus or varus
LPHC: Pelvis level to the horizon
Shoulders: Level, not elevated or rounded
Head: Neutral position, neither tilted nor rotated
Posterior view of 5 Kinetic Chain Checkpoints: Foot and ankle Knee Lumbo-pelvic-hip complex (LPHC) Shoulders and thoracic spine Head and cervical spine
Foot and ankle: Heels are straight and parallel, not overly pronated (flattened)
Knees: Neutral position, neither valgus nor varus
LPHC: Pelvis level to the horizon
Shoulders/scapulae: Level, not elevated nor rounded forward
Head: Neutral position, neither tilted nor rotated
Lateral view of 5 Kinetic Chain Checkpoints: Foot and ankle Knee Lumbo-pelvic-hip complex (LPHC) Shoulders and thoracic spine Head and cervical spine
Foot and ankle: Neutral position, leg vertical at a right angle to the sole of foot
Knees: Neutral position, not flexed nor hyperextended
LPHC: Pelvis in neutral position, not anteriorly nor posteriorly rotated
Shoulders: In line with the hips and ears
Head: Neutral position, not in cervical extension (jutting forward)
Natural curvature of the thoracic spine toward the back of the body:
Kyphosis
Natural curvature of the thoracic spine toward the back of the body:
Lordosis
Jandas Syndromes:
Upper Crossed: Forward head posture
Lower Crossed: Anterior Pelvic Tilt
Layered Crossed: Excessive kyphosis and lordosis
Lower Crossed Syndrome Static Positions:
Head: Neutral to forward Cervical spine: Normal to extended Thoracic spine: Normal to rounded Shoulders: Neutral to rounded Lumbar spine: Neutral to excessive lordosis, possible lateral shift Pelvis: Anterior tilt Hip joints: Flexed or neutral Knee joints: Flexed or hyperextended Ankle joints: Neutral or plantar flexed Muscle Activity
Overactive/shortened
Hip flexors
Lumbar extensors
Gastrocnemius/soleus
Underactive/lengthened
Abdominals
Gluteus maximus and medius
Hamstrings
Upper Crossed Syndrome Static Positions:
Head: Forward Cervical spine: Extended Thoracic spine: Excessive kyphosis Shoulders: Rounded, elevated (scapular winging) Lumbar spine: Normal curve or extended Pelvis: Neutral Hip joints: Neutral or slightly flexed Knee joints: Neutral or slightly flexed Ankle joints: Neutral
Muscle Activity
Overactive/shortened
Cervical extensors Pectorals (major and minor) Upper trapezius Levator scapulae Underactive/lengthened
Deep neck flexors
Rhomboids, middle/lower trapezius
Serratus anterior
Layered Crossed Syndrome Static Positions:
Head: Forward Cervical spine: Extended Thoracic spine: Excessive kyphosis Shoulders: Rounded, elevated, possible scapular winging Lumbar spine: Excessive lordosis, possible lateral shift Pelvis: Anterior tilt Hip joints: Flexed Knee joints: Flexed or hyperextended Ankle joints: Neutral or plantar flexed
Muscle Activity
Overactive/shortened
Cervical extensors Pectorals (major and minor) Upper trapezius Levator scapulae Hip flexors Lumbar extensors Gastrocnemius/soleus Underactive/lengthened
Deep neck flexors Rhomboids, middle/lower trapezius Serratus anterior Anterior abdominals Hip extensors (hamstrings) Gluteus maximus and medius
Kendall’s Posture Types:
Lordotic posture
Flat-back posture
Sway-back posture
Kyphosis-lordosis posture
Lordotic posture Static Positions:
Lordotic posture
Static Positions
Head: Neutral position Cervical spine: Normal curve Thoracic spine: Normal curve Lumbar spine: Excessive lordosis Pelvis: Anteriorly tilted Hip joints: Flexed Knee joints: Slightly flexed or hyperextended Ankle joints: Slightly plantar flexed Muscle Activity
Overactive/shortened
Hip flexors
Internal obliques (upper)
Lumbar extensors
Underactive/lengthened
Abdominals (external obliques) Hip extensors (hamstrings)
Flatback Posture Static Positions:
Head: Forward Cervical spine: Extended Thoracic spine: Excessive kyphosis (upper region), flat (lower region) Lumbar spine: Reduced lordosis or flat Pelvis: Posterior tilt Hip joints: Extended Knee joints: Hyperextended Ankle joints: Neural or plantar flexed Muscle Activity
Overactive/shortened
Cervical extensors Pectoralis minor Shoulder adductors Upper trapezius and levator scapulae Anterior abdominals and intercostals Internal obliques (upper and lateral fibers) Hip extensors (hamstrings) Underactive/lengthened
Cervical flexors Thoracic extensors Trapezius (middle and lower) Lumbar extensors Hip flexors (iliopsoas)
Sway-back posture Static Positions:
Head: Forward Cervical spine: Extended Thoracic spine: Excessive kyphosis with posterior displacement Lumbar spine: Reduced lordosis (flattening) Pelvis: Posterior tilt Hip joints: Extended Knee joints: Hyperextended Ankle joints: Neutral Muscle Activity
Overactive/shortened
Cervical extensors Upper trapezius and levator scapulae Pectoralis minor Intercostals Abdominals (upper fibers) Internal obliques (upper fibers) Hip extensors (hamstrings) Underactive/lengthened
Cervical flexors Thoracic extensors Trapezius (middle and lower) Abdominals (external obliques) Hip flexors (iliopsoas)
Kyphosis-lordosis posture Static Positions:
Head: Forward Cervical spine: Extended Thoracic spine: Excessive kyphosis Shoulders: Rounded, elevated Lumbar spine: Excessive lordosis, possible lateral shift Pelvis: Anterior tilt Hip joints: Flexed Knee joints: Flexed or hyperextended Ankle joints: Neutral or plantar flexed Muscle Activity
Overactive/shortened
Cervical extensors Upper trapezius and levator scapulae Shoulder adductors Intercostals Pectoralis minor Internal obliques (upper and lateral) Hip flexors (iliopsoas) Lumbar extensors Underactive/lengthened
Cervical flexors Thoracic extensors Trapezius (middle and lower) Anterior abdominals (external obliques) Hip extensors (hamstrings)
Pes planus distortion syndrome Static Positions:
Pelvis: Anterior tilt Hip joints: Internally rotated Knee joints: Valgus, flexed Ankle joints: Pronated (flattened, pes planus) Muscle Activity
Overactive/shortened
Gastrocnemius and soleus Peroneals Adductors Iliotibial band Iliopsoas Hamstrings Underactive/lengthened
Posterior and anterior tibialis Vastus medialis Gluteus maximus and medius Hip external rotators Hip flexors Thoracolumbar paraspinals
Which of Kendall’s posture types is characterized by excessive thoracic kyphosis and a posterior pelvic tilt that causes reduced lumbar lordosis?
Sway-back posture
Which common postural distortion pattern is characterized by a combination of flat feet, knee valgus, and an anterior pelvic tilt?
Pes Planus Distortion Syndrome
The Kendall kyphosis-lordosis posture presents with which of the following static positions in the lower body?
Excessive lumbar lordosis, anterior tilted pelvis, flexed hips, and flexed/hyperextended knees
Which of the Janda syndromes has both an A and B designation?
Lowered Crossed Syndrome
The Kendall sway-back posture presents with which of the following static positions in the upper body?
Forward head, extended cervical spine, and excessive thoracic kyphosis
Which lower-body muscles are commonly overactive in the Kendall flat-back posture?
Abdominals, intercostals, internal obliques, and hip extensors
What is the technical term for the natural curvature of the thoracic spine?
Kyphosis
Which upper-body muscles are commonly overactive in the Kendall kyphosis-lordosis posture?
Shoulder adductors, intercostals, pectoralis minor, and internal obliques
Which upper-body muscles are commonly overactive in the Kendall sway-back posture?
Upper trapezius, levator scapulae, pectoralis minor, and intercostals
What are common underactive/lengthened muscles in the lower body?
Rectus abdominis, gluteus maximus, tibialis anterior, and peroneals
