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Exercise Specialists Course > Chapter 8: Static Assessment > Flashcards

Chapter 8: Static Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

Which muscles are commonly overactive/shortened for many people?

A

Pec Minor, Lats, Psoas, Gastroc, cervicals, levator, scalenes, SCM, upper Traps, hamstrings, adductors pirformance, QL, rectus femoris, soleus, TFL

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2
Q

Which muscles are commonly underactive/lengthened for many people?

A

Deep cervical flexors, middle & lower traps, Serratus, rhomboids, glute max & min, peroneals, rectus abdom, vastus med & lat, Tib anter & posterior, transverse abdomin

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3
Q

What is an example of Incomplete Rehabilitation:

A

Injured athlete whose insurance only covered four therapy visits.

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4
Q

Example of habitual Repetitive Movements:

A

Swimmer competing in the front crawl.

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5
Q

Example of acute Injuries:

A

Football player who sprained an ankle last season.

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6
Q

Example of chronic Subacute Postures:

A

Office worker in front of a computer all day.

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7
Q

What are the 5 Kinetic Chain Checkpoints?

A
  1. Foot and ankle
  2. Knee
  3. Lumbo-pelvic-hip complex (LPHC)
  4. Shoulders and thoracic spine
  5. Head and cervical spine
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8
Q 
Anterior view of 5 Kinetic Chain Checkpoints:
Foot and ankle
Knee
Lumbo-pelvic-hip complex (LPHC)
Shoulders and thoracic spine
Head and cervical spine
A

Foot and ankle: Straight and parallel, not flattened or externally rotated
Knees: In line with the second and third toes, not valgus or varus
LPHC: Pelvis level to the horizon
Shoulders: Level, not elevated or rounded
Head: Neutral position, neither tilted nor rotated

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9
Q 
Posterior view of 5 Kinetic Chain Checkpoints:
Foot and ankle
Knee
Lumbo-pelvic-hip complex (LPHC)
Shoulders and thoracic spine
Head and cervical spine
A

Foot and ankle: Heels are straight and parallel, not overly pronated (flattened)
Knees: Neutral position, neither valgus nor varus
LPHC: Pelvis level to the horizon
Shoulders/scapulae: Level, not elevated nor rounded forward
Head: Neutral position, neither tilted nor rotated

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10
Q 
Lateral view of 5 Kinetic Chain Checkpoints:
Foot and ankle
Knee
Lumbo-pelvic-hip complex (LPHC)
Shoulders and thoracic spine
Head and cervical spine
A

Foot and ankle: Neutral position, leg vertical at a right angle to the sole of foot
Knees: Neutral position, not flexed nor hyperextended
LPHC: Pelvis in neutral position, not anteriorly nor posteriorly rotated
Shoulders: In line with the hips and ears
Head: Neutral position, not in cervical extension (jutting forward)

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11
Q

Natural curvature of the thoracic spine toward the back of the body:

A

Kyphosis

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12
Q

Natural curvature of the thoracic spine toward the back of the body:

A

Lordosis

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13
Q

Jandas Syndromes:

A

Upper Crossed: Forward head posture
Lower Crossed: Anterior Pelvic Tilt
Layered Crossed: Excessive kyphosis and lordosis

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14
Q

Lower Crossed Syndrome Static Positions:

A 
Head: Neutral to forward
Cervical spine: Normal to extended
Thoracic spine: Normal to rounded
Shoulders: Neutral to rounded
Lumbar spine: Neutral to excessive lordosis, possible lateral shift
Pelvis: Anterior tilt
Hip joints: Flexed or neutral
Knee joints: Flexed or hyperextended
Ankle joints: Neutral or plantar flexed
Muscle Activity

Overactive/shortened

Hip flexors
Lumbar extensors
Gastrocnemius/soleus
Underactive/lengthened

Abdominals
Gluteus maximus and medius
Hamstrings

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15
Q

Upper Crossed Syndrome Static Positions:

A 
Head: Forward
Cervical spine: Extended
Thoracic spine: Excessive kyphosis
Shoulders: Rounded, elevated (scapular winging)
Lumbar spine: Normal curve or extended
Pelvis: Neutral
Hip joints: Neutral or slightly flexed
Knee joints: Neutral or slightly flexed
Ankle joints: Neutral

Muscle Activity

Overactive/shortened

Cervical extensors
Pectorals (major and minor)
Upper trapezius
Levator scapulae
Underactive/lengthened

Deep neck flexors
Rhomboids, middle/lower trapezius
Serratus anterior

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16
Q

Layered Crossed Syndrome Static Positions:

A 
Head: Forward
Cervical spine: Extended
Thoracic spine: Excessive kyphosis
Shoulders: Rounded, elevated, possible scapular winging
Lumbar spine: Excessive lordosis, possible lateral shift
Pelvis: Anterior tilt
Hip joints: Flexed
Knee joints: Flexed or hyperextended
Ankle joints: Neutral or plantar flexed

Muscle Activity

Overactive/shortened

Cervical extensors
Pectorals (major and minor)
Upper trapezius
Levator scapulae
Hip flexors
Lumbar extensors
Gastrocnemius/soleus
Underactive/lengthened
Deep neck flexors
Rhomboids, middle/lower trapezius
Serratus anterior
Anterior abdominals
Hip extensors (hamstrings)
Gluteus maximus and medius
17
Q

Kendall’s Posture Types:

A

Lordotic posture
Flat-back posture
Sway-back posture
Kyphosis-lordosis posture

18
Q

Lordotic posture Static Positions:

A

Lordotic posture
Static Positions

Head: Neutral position
Cervical spine: Normal curve
Thoracic spine: Normal curve
Lumbar spine: Excessive lordosis
Pelvis: Anteriorly tilted
Hip joints: Flexed
Knee joints: Slightly flexed or hyperextended
Ankle joints: Slightly plantar flexed
Muscle Activity

Overactive/shortened

Hip flexors
Internal obliques (upper)
Lumbar extensors
Underactive/lengthened

Abdominals (external obliques)
Hip extensors (hamstrings)
19
Q

Flatback Posture Static Positions:

A 
Head: Forward
Cervical spine: Extended
Thoracic spine: Excessive kyphosis (upper region), flat
(lower region)
Lumbar spine: Reduced lordosis or flat
Pelvis: Posterior tilt
Hip joints: Extended
Knee joints: Hyperextended
Ankle joints: Neural or plantar flexed
Muscle Activity

Overactive/shortened

Cervical extensors
Pectoralis minor
Shoulder adductors
Upper trapezius and levator scapulae
Anterior abdominals and intercostals
Internal obliques (upper and lateral fibers)
Hip extensors (hamstrings)
Underactive/lengthened
Cervical flexors
Thoracic extensors
Trapezius (middle and lower)
Lumbar extensors
Hip flexors (iliopsoas)
20
Q

Sway-back posture Static Positions:

A 
Head: Forward
Cervical spine: Extended
Thoracic spine: Excessive kyphosis with posterior displacement
Lumbar spine: Reduced lordosis (flattening)
Pelvis: Posterior tilt
Hip joints: Extended
Knee joints: Hyperextended
Ankle joints: Neutral
Muscle Activity

Overactive/shortened

Cervical extensors
Upper trapezius and levator scapulae
Pectoralis minor
Intercostals
Abdominals (upper fibers)
Internal obliques (upper fibers)
Hip extensors (hamstrings)
Underactive/lengthened
Cervical flexors
Thoracic extensors
Trapezius (middle and lower)
Abdominals (external obliques)
Hip flexors (iliopsoas)
21
Q

Kyphosis-lordosis posture Static Positions:

A 
Head: Forward
Cervical spine: Extended
Thoracic spine: Excessive kyphosis
Shoulders: Rounded, elevated
Lumbar spine: Excessive lordosis, possible lateral shift
Pelvis: Anterior tilt
Hip joints: Flexed
Knee joints: Flexed or hyperextended
Ankle joints: Neutral or plantar flexed
Muscle Activity

Overactive/shortened

Cervical extensors
Upper trapezius and levator scapulae
Shoulder adductors
Intercostals
Pectoralis minor
Internal obliques (upper and lateral)
Hip flexors (iliopsoas)
Lumbar extensors
Underactive/lengthened
Cervical flexors
Thoracic extensors
Trapezius (middle and lower)
Anterior abdominals (external obliques)
Hip extensors (hamstrings)
22
Q

Pes planus distortion syndrome Static Positions:

A 
Pelvis: Anterior tilt
Hip joints: Internally rotated
Knee joints: Valgus, flexed
Ankle joints: Pronated (flattened, pes planus)
Muscle Activity

Overactive/shortened

Gastrocnemius and soleus
Peroneals
Adductors
Iliotibial band
Iliopsoas
Hamstrings
Underactive/lengthened
Posterior and anterior tibialis
Vastus medialis
Gluteus maximus and medius
Hip external rotators
Hip flexors
Thoracolumbar paraspinals
23
Q

Which of Kendall’s posture types is characterized by excessive thoracic kyphosis and a posterior pelvic tilt that causes reduced lumbar lordosis?

A

Sway-back posture

24
Q

Which common postural distortion pattern is characterized by a combination of flat feet, knee valgus, and an anterior pelvic tilt?

A

Pes Planus Distortion Syndrome

25
Q

The Kendall kyphosis-lordosis posture presents with which of the following static positions in the lower body?

A

Excessive lumbar lordosis, anterior tilted pelvis, flexed hips, and flexed/hyperextended knees

26
Q

Which of the Janda syndromes has both an A and B designation?

A

Lowered Crossed Syndrome

27
Q

The Kendall sway-back posture presents with which of the following static positions in the upper body?

A

Forward head, extended cervical spine, and excessive thoracic kyphosis

28
Q

Which lower-body muscles are commonly overactive in the Kendall flat-back posture?

A

Abdominals, intercostals, internal obliques, and hip extensors

29
Q

What is the technical term for the natural curvature of the thoracic spine?

A

Kyphosis

30
Q

Which upper-body muscles are commonly overactive in the Kendall kyphosis-lordosis posture?

A

Shoulder adductors, intercostals, pectoralis minor, and internal obliques

31
Q

Which upper-body muscles are commonly overactive in the Kendall sway-back posture?

A

Upper trapezius, levator scapulae, pectoralis minor, and intercostals

32
Q

What are common underactive/lengthened muscles in the lower body?

A

Rectus abdominis, gluteus maximus, tibialis anterior, and peroneals

Exercise Specialists Course (18 decks)

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