Chapter 8 - Social and Personality Development in Early Childhood Flashcards
what stages do Freud associate with early childhood?
the anal stage and into the phallic stage
what stages would Erikson associate with early childhood?
autonomy vs shame and doubt -> initiative vs guilt
what is person perception?
the ability to classify others according to race, gender, age, how kind they are, etc.
what is the cross race effect?
the tendency to recognize people of our own race more easily than others
are 3 year old’s influenced by intention or outcomes of behaviour?
both!
- Piaget thought only outcomes, but he was wrong
what is induction?
the process of inducing a child to follow rules using reasoning
what is inductive discipline?
parents explain to their children why the punished behaviour is wrong
what is hostile/ineffective interaction?
manipulation with sarcasm, put downs, anger with punishments
what is punitive/aversive interaction?
parents intimidate their children via yelling, physical punishments
what is a consistent interaction?
ensuring compliance with directives, follow through after warnings
what is a positive interaction?
engage in mutually satisfying activities, having fun with their children
