Chapter 14 - Social and Personality Development in Early Adulthood

Question 1

what 5 domains do emerging adults need to address?

Answer 1

1. academic
2. friendships
3. conduct
4. work
5. romantic

Question 2

what is a hostile/detached marriage?

Answer 2

fight, rarely look at each other, lack affection and support

Question 3

what stage does Erikson say early adults are in?

Answer 3

intimacy vs isolation stage

Question 4

what are volatile couples?

Answer 4

argue a lot, don’t listen to each other, lots of interactions

Question 5

what trait leads to increased marital satisfaction in WOMEN?

Answer 5

agreeableness

Question 6

what is assortive mating?

Answer 6

the tendency to mate with someone who has similar traits to one’s own

Question 7

what is the motherhood earnings gap?

Answer 7

a woman’s earnings WITH children are less than those who do not have children (12%)

Question 8

what is the mid era phase?

Answer 8

more competent with new challenges, reorganizing the life structure

Question 9

men have friendships that focus more on…

Answer 9

• competition
• quantity
• shared activities

Question 10

what is the parental investment theory?

Answer 10

sex differences in preference are based on how much each parent has to invest (e.g. women invest more)

Question 11

what is intimacy according to Sternberg?

Answer 11

feelings that promote closeness or connectedness

Question 12

what two traits lead to an increase in marital satisfaction in MEN?

Answer 12

contentiousness and openness

Question 13

there is an _______ in same-sex friendships in early adulthood

Answer 13

increase

Question 14

what is the time trend for passion?

Answer 14

it starts out high but declines slightly

Question 15

what is a hostile/engaged marriage?

Answer 15

frequent arguments, lack of humour and affection

Question 16

what is the culmination phase?

Answer 16

the life structure is fully created and you have reached a point of stability (e.g. graduation)

Question 17

what are the three elements of Sternberg’s Theory of Love?

Answer 17

1. passion
2. intimacy
3. commitment

Question 18

who do males and females prefer in terms of mate selection?

Answer 18

males: prefer attractive, young women
females: prefer men with a higher SES than they are

Question 19

what/when is emerging adulthood?

Answer 19

early 20s, it is when you explore options prior to fully committing to adult roles

Question 20

what is the social role theory?

Answer 20

sex differences in preference are adaptations to gender roles

Question 21

define intimacy

Answer 21

the ability to engage in supportive, affectionate relationships without losing your sense of self

Question 22

women have friendships that focus more on…

Answer 22

• support
• close friends

Question 23

what are the three phases in Levinson’s Life Structures Theory?

Answer 23

1. novice phase
2. mid era phase
3. culmination phase

Question 24

what is the novice phase?

Answer 24

a period of adjustment, new life structure is required (e.g. starting university)

Question 25

what is homogamy?

Answer 25

similar sociological / educational backgrounds

Question 26

what percentage of women experience post partum depression?

Answer 26

10-25%

Question 27

what is the time trend for intimacy?

Answer 27

rises a little bit and then plateaus

Question 28

at what age do decision making skills develop?

Answer 28

25

Question 29

what is passion according to Sternberg?

Answer 29

feelings of intense longing for union with another person

Question 30

what are avoidant couples?

Answer 30

agree to disagree to minimize conflict, they avoid each other

Question 31

what are validating couples?

Answer 31

good listeners, mutual respect

Question 32

what is the time trend for commitment?

Answer 32

low in the beginning but increases over time

Question 33

what trait leads to an increase in overall marital satisfaction?

Answer 33

extraversion

Question 34

what factors make post partum depression more common?

Answer 34

• depressed while pregnant
• unplanned pregnancy
• difficult temperaments in the child

Question 35

what is the intimacy vs isolation stage?

Answer 35

the goal of finding a life partner or supportive friends to avoid feeling isolated

Question 36

what is commitment according to Sternberg?

Answer 36

intention to maintain the relationship