Chapter 14 - Social and Personality Development in Early Adulthood Flashcards

1
Q

what 5 domains do emerging adults need to address?

A
  1. academic
  2. friendships
  3. conduct
  4. work
  5. romantic
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2
Q

what is a hostile/detached marriage?

A

fight, rarely look at each other, lack affection and support

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3
Q

what stage does Erikson say early adults are in?

A

intimacy vs isolation stage

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4
Q

what are volatile couples?

A

argue a lot, don’t listen to each other, lots of interactions

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5
Q

what trait leads to increased marital satisfaction in WOMEN?

A

agreeableness

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6
Q

what is assortive mating?

A

the tendency to mate with someone who has similar traits to one’s own

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7
Q

what is the motherhood earnings gap?

A

a woman’s earnings WITH children are less than those who do not have children (12%)

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8
Q

what is the mid era phase?

A

more competent with new challenges, reorganizing the life structure

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9
Q

men have friendships that focus more on…

A
  • competition
  • quantity
  • shared activities
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10
Q

what is the parental investment theory?

A

sex differences in preference are based on how much each parent has to invest (e.g. women invest more)

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11
Q

what is intimacy according to Sternberg?

A

feelings that promote closeness or connectedness

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12
Q

what two traits lead to an increase in marital satisfaction in MEN?

A

contentiousness and openness

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13
Q

there is an _______ in same-sex friendships in early adulthood

A

increase

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14
Q

what is the time trend for passion?

A

it starts out high but declines slightly

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15
Q

what is a hostile/engaged marriage?

A

frequent arguments, lack of humour and affection

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16
Q

what is the culmination phase?

A

the life structure is fully created and you have reached a point of stability (e.g. graduation)

17
Q

what are the three elements of Sternberg’s Theory of Love?

A
  1. passion
  2. intimacy
  3. commitment
18
Q

who do males and females prefer in terms of mate selection?

A

males: prefer attractive, young women
females: prefer men with a higher SES than they are

19
Q

what/when is emerging adulthood?

A

early 20s, it is when you explore options prior to fully committing to adult roles

20
Q

what is the social role theory?

A

sex differences in preference are adaptations to gender roles

21
Q

define intimacy

A

the ability to engage in supportive, affectionate relationships without losing your sense of self

22
Q

women have friendships that focus more on…

A
  • support
  • close friends
23
Q

what are the three phases in Levinson’s Life Structures Theory?

A
  1. novice phase
  2. mid era phase
  3. culmination phase
24
Q

what is the novice phase?

A

a period of adjustment, new life structure is required (e.g. starting university)

25
what is homogamy?
similar sociological / educational backgrounds
26
what percentage of women experience post partum depression?
10-25%
27
what is the time trend for intimacy?
rises a little bit and then plateaus
28
at what age do decision making skills develop?
25
29
what is passion according to Sternberg?
feelings of intense longing for union with another person
30
what are avoidant couples?
agree to disagree to minimize conflict, they avoid each other
31
what are validating couples?
good listeners, mutual respect
32
what is the time trend for commitment?
low in the beginning but increases over time
33
what trait leads to an increase in overall marital satisfaction?
extraversion
34
what factors make post partum depression more common?
- depressed while pregnant - unplanned pregnancy - difficult temperaments in the child
35
what is the intimacy vs isolation stage?
the goal of finding a life partner or supportive friends to avoid feeling isolated
36
what is commitment according to Sternberg?
intention to maintain the relationship