Chapter 14 - Social and Personality Development in Early Adulthood Flashcards
what 5 domains do emerging adults need to address?
- academic
- friendships
- conduct
- work
- romantic
what is a hostile/detached marriage?
fight, rarely look at each other, lack affection and support
what stage does Erikson say early adults are in?
intimacy vs isolation stage
what are volatile couples?
argue a lot, don’t listen to each other, lots of interactions
what trait leads to increased marital satisfaction in WOMEN?
agreeableness
what is assortive mating?
the tendency to mate with someone who has similar traits to one’s own
what is the motherhood earnings gap?
a woman’s earnings WITH children are less than those who do not have children (12%)
what is the mid era phase?
more competent with new challenges, reorganizing the life structure
men have friendships that focus more on…
- competition
- quantity
- shared activities
what is the parental investment theory?
sex differences in preference are based on how much each parent has to invest (e.g. women invest more)
what is intimacy according to Sternberg?
feelings that promote closeness or connectedness
what two traits lead to an increase in marital satisfaction in MEN?
contentiousness and openness
there is an _______ in same-sex friendships in early adulthood
increase
what is the time trend for passion?
it starts out high but declines slightly
what is a hostile/engaged marriage?
frequent arguments, lack of humour and affection
what is the culmination phase?
the life structure is fully created and you have reached a point of stability (e.g. graduation)
what are the three elements of Sternberg’s Theory of Love?
- passion
- intimacy
- commitment
who do males and females prefer in terms of mate selection?
males: prefer attractive, young women
females: prefer men with a higher SES than they are
what/when is emerging adulthood?
early 20s, it is when you explore options prior to fully committing to adult roles
what is the social role theory?
sex differences in preference are adaptations to gender roles
define intimacy
the ability to engage in supportive, affectionate relationships without losing your sense of self
women have friendships that focus more on…
- support
- close friends
what are the three phases in Levinson’s Life Structures Theory?
- novice phase
- mid era phase
- culmination phase
what is the novice phase?
a period of adjustment, new life structure is required (e.g. starting university)
what is homogamy?
similar sociological / educational backgrounds
what percentage of women experience post partum depression?
10-25%
what is the time trend for intimacy?
rises a little bit and then plateaus
at what age do decision making skills develop?
25
what is passion according to Sternberg?
feelings of intense longing for union with another person
what are avoidant couples?
agree to disagree to minimize conflict, they avoid each other
what are validating couples?
good listeners, mutual respect
what is the time trend for commitment?
low in the beginning but increases over time
what trait leads to an increase in overall marital satisfaction?
extraversion
what factors make post partum depression more common?
- depressed while pregnant
- unplanned pregnancy
- difficult temperaments in the child
what is the intimacy vs isolation stage?
the goal of finding a life partner or supportive friends to avoid feeling isolated
what is commitment according to Sternberg?
intention to maintain the relationship
