Chapter 17 - Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood Flashcards

1
Q

what are stem cells?

A

undifferentiated cells capable of self-renewal and differentiating into specialized adult cells (they replace somatic (body) cells when damaged)

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2
Q

what are the three age categories of being “old”?

A
  • young-old: 60-75
  • old-old: 75-85
  • oldest-old: 85+
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3
Q

define gerontology

A

the study of aging

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4
Q

how are free radicals increased/decreased?

A

increased:
- fatty foods
- food additives

decreased:
- antioxidants
- vitamins

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5
Q

what is a telomere?

A

a strong of repetitive DNA at the top of chromosomes, serves as a time keeping mechanism

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6
Q

what is presbyopia?

A

farsightedness (more common in older adults)

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7
Q

when does sense of smell decline?

A

rapidly declines at 60

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8
Q

what are basic activities of daily living (BADL’s)?

A

self-help tasks such as bathing, dressing, using the bathroom

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9
Q

what happens to a telomere after a replication?

A

it shortens, once it gets past the threshold length -> disease and death

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10
Q

what is cataracts?

A

clouding of the lens

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11
Q

who is considered frail elderly?

A

seniors who’s mental/physical impairments are so extensive they can’t care for themselves

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12
Q

what is macular degeneration?

A

impacts the retina and central vision

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13
Q

there is a ________ in insomnia in late adulthood

A

30% increase

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14
Q

what is a glaucoma?

A

poor peripheral vision

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15
Q

what is the purpose of telomerase?

A

restores telomeres

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16
Q

what kind of sounds are lost 1st in late adulthood?

A

high frequency sounds

17
Q

what is the Hayflick limit?

A

the proposal that each species is subject to genetically programmed time limits where their cells can no longer replicate

18
Q

what are instrumental activities of daily living (IADL’s)?

A

more complex tasks such as cooking, housework

19
Q

what are 3 factors that influence longevity?

A
  1. exercise
  2. non-smoking
  3. healthy weight
20
Q

what makes IADL’s different from BADL’s?

A

IADL’s have a cognitive component to them

21
Q

what are the 4 main brain changes in late adulthood?

A
  1. loss of grey matter
  2. lower brain weight
  3. less synaptic plasticity
  4. slower transmission speed
22
Q

define scenescence

A

the process of deterioration with age

23
Q

is cross linking more/less common in older adults?

A

more common

24
Q

what are free radicals?

A

molecules/atoms that possess an unpaired electron (can lead to harmful chemical reactions)

25
what is cross linking?
the formation of undesirable bonds between proteins and fats (they negatively impact the functioning of wrongly bonded molecules)
26
define functional status
individuals ability to perform self-help tasks and other chores of daily living
27
what is the predicted limit of the number of replications per cell?
50
28
what changes in touch are seen in late adulthood?
a reduced sensitivity to hot and cold, can be dangerous