Chapter 8 Section 1-3: Metabolism Flashcards
Life is built on what?
Chemical reactions, transforming energy from one form to another
Metabolism
the totality of an organism’s chemical reactions
Metabolic Pathway
a series of chemical reactions that feed one another
Catabolic Pathways
release energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds
Cellular Respiration
Anabolic Pathways
consume energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones
Bioenergetics
the study of how energy flows in a living organism
Energy
the capacity/power to do change
Work
to move matter against opposing forces
i.e: gravity
Kinetic Energy
the relative motion of objects
Heat/Thermal Energy
type of kinetic energy associated with random movement of atoms or molecules.
Potential Energy
stored energy
Chemical Energy
the potential energy available for release in chemical reactions
Thermodynamics
study of energy transformations in a collection of matter
Open system
energy and matter can be transferred b/tw the system and its surrounding
Organisms are what type of system?
Open system
1st Law of Thermodynamics
Energy in the universe is constant
Energy can be transferred and transformed, but cannot be created or destroyed
2nd Law of Thermodynamics
Every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe
Not all energy can be used some are released as heat
For a process to occur spontaneously, it must increase entropy of the universe
Entropy
a measure of disorder/randomness
Spontaneous
a process that occurs w/o an input of energy
Gibbs Free Energy
the portion of a system’s energy that can perform work when temperature and pressure is uniform throughout the system, as in a living cell
What is the formula for Gibbs Free Energy?
deltaG= deltaH -TdeltaS
what does delta S stand for?
Change in Entropy
What processes are spontaneous?
negative G, every spontaneous process decreases system’s free energy
If there is an increase in S? What does that mean for G?
decrease G
If there is a decrease in S, what does that mean for G?
Increase in G
What does delta G represent?
G final state - g initial state
Exergonic Reaction
“Energy outward”, net release of free energy
-G
Endergonic Reaction
“energy inward”, absorb free energy from its surroundings, stores free energy, nonspontaneously
Energy Coupling
the use of the exergonic process to drive the endergonic one
ATP
responsible for mediating most energy coupling in cells, acts as the immediate source of energy of cellular work.
