Chapter 8 Section 1-3: Metabolism

Question 1

Life is built on what?

Answer 1

Chemical reactions, transforming energy from one form to another

Question 2

Metabolism

Answer 2

the totality of an organism’s chemical reactions

Question 3

Metabolic Pathway

Answer 3

a series of chemical reactions that feed one another

Question 4

Catabolic Pathways

Answer 4

release energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds
Cellular Respiration

Question 5

Anabolic Pathways

Answer 5

consume energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones

Question 6

Bioenergetics

Answer 6

the study of how energy flows in a living organism

Question 7

Energy

Answer 7

the capacity/power to do change

Question 8

Work

Answer 8

to move matter against opposing forces
i.e: gravity

Question 9

Kinetic Energy

Answer 9

the relative motion of objects

Question 10

Heat/Thermal Energy

Answer 10

type of kinetic energy associated with random movement of atoms or molecules.

Question 11

Potential Energy

Answer 11

stored energy

Question 12

Chemical Energy

Answer 12

the potential energy available for release in chemical reactions

Question 13

Thermodynamics

Answer 13

study of energy transformations in a collection of matter

Question 14

Open system

Answer 14

energy and matter can be transferred b/tw the system and its surrounding

Question 15

Organisms are what type of system?

Answer 15

Open system

Question 16

1st Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 16

Energy in the universe is constant
Energy can be transferred and transformed, but cannot be created or destroyed

Question 17

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 17

Every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe
Not all energy can be used some are released as heat
For a process to occur spontaneously, it must increase entropy of the universe

Question 18

Entropy

Answer 18

a measure of disorder/randomness

Question 19

Spontaneous

Answer 19

a process that occurs w/o an input of energy

Question 20

Gibbs Free Energy

Answer 20

the portion of a system’s energy that can perform work when temperature and pressure is uniform throughout the system, as in a living cell

Question 21

What is the formula for Gibbs Free Energy?

Answer 21

deltaG= deltaH -TdeltaS

Question 22

what does delta S stand for?

Answer 22

Change in Entropy

Question 23

What processes are spontaneous?

Answer 23

negative G, every spontaneous process decreases system’s free energy

Question 24

If there is an increase in S? What does that mean for G?

Answer 24

decrease G

Question 25

If there is a decrease in S, what does that mean for G?

Answer 25

Increase in G

Question 26

What does delta G represent?

Answer 26

G final state - g initial state

Question 27

Exergonic Reaction

Answer 27

“Energy outward”, net release of free energy
-G

Question 28

Endergonic Reaction

Answer 28

“energy inward”, absorb free energy from its surroundings, stores free energy, nonspontaneously

Question 29

Energy Coupling

Answer 29

the use of the exergonic process to drive the endergonic one

Question 30

ATP

Answer 30

responsible for mediating most energy coupling in cells, acts as the immediate source of energy of cellular work.