Chapter 4 : Carbon & Functional Groups Flashcards
What are carbon’s frequent bonding partners?
H,O,N
What kind of bonds can carbon have ?
single, double, and triple bonds
when 2 C double bond what happens to the shape of the molecule?
it has a flat shape
-ane
single bond C only
-ene
double bond C only
-ne
triple bond C only
meth-
1 C
eth-
2 C
prop-
3 C
but-
4 C
Isomers
molecules have the same molecular formula, but differ in atom arrangement
Structural Isomers
differ in arrangement of covalent bonds
Geometric Isomers
Differ in spatial arrangement
Enantiomer Isomer
“mirrior image”
Alpha Verison
H/OH
Beta Version
OH/H
-OH
Hydroxl
Hydroxl Group
-OH , found in alcohol, adds polarity, hydrophilic, soluble, forms H-BNDS
-COOH
Carboxyl Group, 1 double bond O to C
Carboxyl Group
-COOH, found in amino acids. releases H+
-NH2
Amino Group
Amino Group
-NH2, Accepts H atoms, Found in amino acids
-PO4
Phosphate group, 1 double bond O, & 3single bonds O
Phosphate Group
-PO4, Found in ATP
Carbonyl(Aldehyde) Group
-CHO, polar, found in sugars (glucose), hydrophilic,
-CHO
Carbonyl (Aldeyde) double bond O to C
Carbonyl (Keto) Group
-CO, fructose, polar group, found in sugars, hydrophilic
-CO
Carbonyl Group double bond O to C
-CH3
Methyl Group
Methyl Group
-CH3, nonpolar, when methyl group presented it can turn off genes or silence it
-SH
Sulfhydryl Group
Sulfhydryl Group
-SH, found in cysteine, cross link, curly hair
